阻力训练及超等长阻力训练对下肢肌肉活性和力量的影响  

Effects of Resistance and Plyometric Weight Training on Lower Extremities' Muscular Activity Pattern and Strength

作　　者：井兰香[1] 刘宇[2] 田石榴[2] 

机构地区：[1]河北沧州医学高等专科学校,河北沧州061001 [2]上海体育学院运动科学学院,上海200438

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2011年第6期90-93,126,共5页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30871210)

摘　　要：目的:观察阻力训练和超等长阻力训练后下肢肌肉力量变化,比较肌肉激活模式的不同。方法:将16名男性篮球运动员随机分成两组,分别实施8周下肢阻力训练和超等长阻力训练。采用3-D测力台测试训练前、后最大随意收缩值,用表面肌电记录训练前、后6次重复训练动作的胫骨前肌、腓肠肌外侧头、股直肌、股外侧肌、股二头肌的激活信号,计算积分肌电值和髋、膝、踝关节周围拮抗肌共激活。结果:两组下肢肌肉力量均显著提高,阻力训练组效果较明显。超等长阻力训练组肌肉活性显著高于阻力训练组。训练后超等长阻力训练组肌肉活性出现适应性变化,髋、踝关节拮抗肌共激活显著升高,膝关节拮抗肌共激活训练前、后没有显著性差异。阻力训练组训练前、后肌肉活性及拮抗肌共激活没有显著变化。结论:超等长阻力训练有助于提高肌肉间协调性,可以优化肌肉动作的运动策略。Objective：The purpose of this study was to assess the changes of muscular strength and activity pattern after resistance and plyometric weight training. Methods; Sixteen healthy male basketball athletes were randomly divided into either the resistance （RT） or plyometric weight training （PWT） protocols, maximal voluntary contraction （MVC） were evaluated using 3-D force plate before and after 8-week training program. Muscular activity signals were recor- ded by surface electromyography （SEMG） from tibialis anterior（TA）, gastrocnemius lateralis （GL）, rectus femoris （RF）, vestus lateralis （VL）, biceps femoris （BF） of lower extremity and their integrated EMG, antagonist/agonist co-activations of hip, knee, and ankle were calcu- lated. Results： Both trainings were elective in improving muscular strength, more in the RT group. Adaptive change in the sEMG was observed in all muscles after PWT. There＇s obviously higher muscular activity in PWT than in RT group. Significant improvement of antagonist/ agonist co-activation of hip and ankle appeared, but not in knee. However there were no chan- ges of muscular activity and antagonist/agonist co-activation within the RT group. Conclusion; The results suggest that PWT provides a more elective method for improving inter muscular coordination via adaptation of the motor strategy aimed at optimizing muscular efforts.

关 键 词：阻力训练 超等长阻力训练 肌肉力量 肌肉活性 拮抗肌共激活 

分 类 号：G804.6[文化科学—运动人体科学]