生草覆盖‘寒富’苹果园土壤优势细菌的碳代谢特征研究  

Carbon Catabolic Characteristics About the Soil Dominant Bacteria from 'Hanfu'Apple Orchard with Herbage-mulching Management

作　　者：刘灵芝[1,2] 吕德国[1] 秦嗣军[1] 马怀宇[1] 杜国栋[1] 刘国成[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学园艺学院,沈阳110866 [2]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,沈阳110866

出　　处：《园艺学报》2011年第10期1837-1846,共10页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：现代苹果产业技术体系建设专项(nycytx-08-03-05);辽宁省自然科学基金项目(20082121);国家自然科学基金项目(31101504;31171917)

摘　　要：为了解土壤管理制度对果园土壤微生物碳代谢特征的影响,研究了生草覆盖‘寒富’苹果园不同时期土壤优势细菌碳代谢功能及种群组成。结果表明,6月、7月土壤中优势细菌数量及碳代谢能力明显高于4月、5月、8月和9月。生草覆盖处理4月分离到的优势细菌菌株数较清耕少1株,5—8月相同,而9月较清耕多1株。除4月外,生草覆盖处理分离到的优势菌株明显增强了对蔗糖、葡萄糖、淀粉等糖类化合物,山梨醇、肌醇等醇类化合物,天门冬氨酸及白氨酸等氨基酸类化合物的利用能力。16SrDNA序列分析可知,53.8%的优势细菌属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus),存在于多数供试土壤中,产碱菌属(Alcaligenes)、假单胞杆菌属(Pseudomonas)和厚壁菌属(Firmicutes)也因季节和管理措施影响而成为不同土壤的优势菌属。与4月、5月、8月和9月相比,整体上6月和7月土壤中相对增加了产碱菌属(Alcaligenes)和厚壁菌属(Firmicutes),其中7月生草覆盖处理较清耕增加了厚壁菌属(Firmicutes)和一些不可培养的菌属。In order to explore the effects of land management on the carbon catabolic characteristics of soil microorganisms, the carbon catabolic characters and community structure of soil bacteria in different periods about ＇Hanfu＇ apple orchard with the herbage-mulching management was investigated in this study. The results showed that the amount and ability for soil bacteria to use carbon sources in June and July were significantly higher than that in April, May, August and September. Compared to clean tillage treatment, the herbage-mulching treatment decreased 1 strain of dominant bacteria in April, increased 1 strain in September, and showed no differences from May to August. In general, dominant bacterial strains isolated from the herbage-mulching treatment obviously enhanced the ability to utilize carbohydrates （such as sucrose, glucose and starch）, ethonhol inols （such as sorbitol and lnOSltol）, and amino acids （such as aspartic acid and leucine） in the different periods except for April. The analysis of 16S rDNA sequence showed that 53.8% of the dominant bacteria belonged to Bacillus, which existed in most of the tested soils. Alcaligenes, Pseudomonas and Firmicutes would also become the dominant genera in different tested soils because of the influences of different seasons and different management measures. Compared to the soil sampled in April, May, August and September, in the soil sampled in June and July two dominant genera including Alcaligenes and Firmicutes were increased; And compared to the clean tillage, the herbage-mulching treatment increased Firmicutes and some uncultured soil bacteria in July.

关 键 词：苹果 果园 生草覆盖 土壤微生物 碳代谢 种群组成 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]