脐橙果皮内裂发生的解剖结构和矿质营养元素变化  

Changes in Albedo Microstructures and Macroelement Content in Peels of Peel Pitting'Navel'Oranges

作　　者：马小焕[1,2] 彭良志[1] 淳长品[1] 凌丽俐[1] 曹立[1] 江才伦[1] 解发[1,2] 张雯雯[1,2] 古祖亮[3] 唐焕庆 

机构地区：[1]西南大学柑桔研究所,重庆400712 [2]西南大学园艺园林学院,重庆400716 [3]江西省安远县果业局,江西安远342100

出　　处：《园艺学报》2011年第10期1857-1864,共8页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项;国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903023)

摘　　要：以果皮内裂严重的和正常的枳砧‘纽荷尔’和‘卡拉卡拉’脐橙为材料,研究盛花后不同时期果皮厚度和果皮显微结构,以及果实和叶片N、P、K、Ca、Mg和S营养元素含量变化与果皮内裂的关系。结果表明,盛花后80～140d果皮厚度下降,果皮厚度下降速率与内裂有关;盛花后80d,两个品种内裂果园植株的果实海绵层细胞出现裂隙,盛花后140d裂隙进一步扩大,在果皮横切面上肉眼可见裂口或小空洞,从果实外观可见陷痕;裂隙或小空洞的形成从解剖结构上可见细胞撕裂和细胞皱缩两种形式;两个品种在盛花后80、140及217d,内裂果的果皮Ca含量均显著低于正常果,果肉Ca含量均低于正常果且多数达显著差异,N、P、K、Mg和S元素无明显变化规律;两个品种的内裂果园植株叶片Ca含量也均显著低于正常果园,而S含量显著高于正常果园,其余N、P、K和Mg元素无明显变化规律,显示Ca不足与果皮内裂有重要关系。Fruits and leaves of Newhall navel orange （Citrus sinensis Osbeck ＇Newhall＇ ） and Cara Cara navel orange （ Citrus sinensis Osbeck ＇ Cara Cara＇ ） on trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata （L.） Raf. rootstocks from both normal and peel pitting orchards were used to study comparatively the fruit peel thickness, peel albedo microstructures, leaf and peel macroelement （N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S） content in relation to peel pitting at different stages after full bloom. The results showed that there was no significant correlation between fruit peel thickness and fruit peel pitting occurrence. Peel thickness decreased from 80 d to 140 d after full bloom, and peel pitting was related to the rate of decrease in peel thickness. Crevices or small pores began appearing in peel albedo of both Newhall and Cara Cara fruits from peel-pitting orchards 80 d after full bloom and expanded to sizes visible to the naked eyes in peel cross-sections 140 d after full bloom, and peel pitting symptom could be seen on fruit surface in this stage. Torn or shrunk cells were found in side of the crevices and pores. Ca content was significantly lower in peels of pitting fruits than in those of normal fruits 80, 140 and 217 days after full bloom while the content of N, P, K, Mg and S did not show significant differences. Ca content in leaves of fruit pitting trees was also significantly lower in comparison with normal trees, but S content was significantly higher in leaves from orchards with pitting fruits. Leaf N, P, K and Mg content had no obvious difference between orchards of normal and pitting fruits. It was suggested that Ca deficiency was related to fruit peel pitting.

关 键 词：脐橙 果皮内裂 解剖结构 矿质营养元素 钙 

分 类 号：S666[农业科学—果树学]