大木山自然保护区红腹锦鸡对冬季生境的选择性  

Winter Foraging-Site Selection of Golden Pheasant in Damu Mountain Nature Reserve,China

作　　者：李宏群[1] 韩宗先[1] 吴少斌[1] 曹长雷[1] 岳碧松[2] 

机构地区：[1]长江师范学院,重庆408100 [2]四川大学

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2011年第11期76-78,共3页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：重庆教委科学技术项目(KJ101310);重庆市教委教学改革项目(103156)

摘　　要：采用样线法在重庆大木山自然保护区对红腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus pictus)冬季生境的选择进行了研究,共测量42个利用样方的18个生态因子。结果表明:红腹锦鸡冬季取食地主要选在针阔混交林、针叶林、更倾向于森林边缘和开阔地、下坡位、阳坡、坡度小于20°的坡面活动。主成分分析表明,前6个特征值的累积贡献率已经达到了73.76%,可以较好地反映红腹锦鸡的生境特征。根据载荷系数绝对值的大小将红腹锦鸡冬季取食地生境选择影响因子分为乔木因子(乔木盖度、乔木胸径、水源距离)、海拔因子(海拔)、逃逸因子(草本盖度和林边距离)、灌丛因子(灌木盖度、灌木均高和灌木密度)和隐蔽因子(隐蔽级)。分析结果表明,红腹锦鸡冬季取食地选择应该是较好的食物资源和最有利于逃避敌害之间的一种权衡,即捕食因子与食物因子之间权衡的结果。A study on winter foraging-site selection of Golden pheasants was conducted in Damu Mountain Nature Reserve, Chongqing City, China, from November 2010 to January 2011. A total of forty-two used-sites were observed along 8 transects crossing the study area, and eighteen factors in each sites were analyzed. Results showed that Golden pheasants mainly foraged in coniferous and broadleaved forests as well as coniferous forests, while they were more inclined to forage in the open areas, forest edges, sun-faced slope, lower slope area, or slopes of less than 20 degrees. Results of principal component analysis showed that the first 6 principal components explained 73.76% of the total variance among all habitat variables. According to the absolute value of coefficient, the six components were classified separately as tree factor （ tree canopy, diameter at breast height, distance from water source） , altitude factor （altitude）, escaping factors （herbage coverage, distance from edge of woods）, shrub factors （coverage, height, density）, and sheltering factor （sheltering class）. It is hard for the Golden pheasants to forage in winter due to the withered grass and the poor coverage in deciduous forests. In such a harsh condition, the winter foraging-site selection of Golden pheasants is actually a trade-off between food obtai- ning and prey escaping.

关 键 词：红腹锦鸡 取食地 主成分分析 大木山 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]