人类活动对停歇在长沟地区白头鹤的影响  

Disturbance of Hooded Crane by Human Activities at Stopover Sites in Northeast China

作　　者：罗金明[1] 王永洁[1] 李广文[1] 王治良[1] 付建国 

机构地区：[1]齐齐哈尔大学,齐齐哈尔161006 [2]大庆野生动物保护协会

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2011年第11期108-110,138,共4页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40871259);白头鹤国际小额援助项目(GMIA);齐齐哈尔大学青年教师科研启动支持项目(2010K-M26)

摘　　要：基于野外观测资料和室内分析数据,探讨了秋收季节田间人为刺激对我国松嫩平原西部齐齐哈尔长沟地区的白头鹤(Grus monacha)觅食和生理行为模式的影响。结果表明:田间收割活动产生的各种声音干扰对秋季停歇在长沟地区的白头鹤的觅食以及健康产生明显地影响。人类活动不仅频繁地中断白头鹤的觅食过程,而且使白头鹤保持警觉的时间增加200%。白头鹤飞行的时间从21 min增加到43 min。此外,高强度的声音刺激往往产生较大的惊飞距离,距离白头鹤600 m的汽车/摩托车的鸣笛声就能使其惊飞。当地农民在田间大声叫喊的声音干扰度最大(达120 dB),这种声音刺激使700 m以外的白头鹤立即惊飞。受食物数量的影响,后期迁徙到长沟的白头鹤的健康状况明显比前期到达的差,不成形的粪便比例明显增加,食物结构也发生了明显变化。为了减小人类活动对白头鹤所带来的各种负面影响,有必要在长沟地区规划一个缓冲带。地方财政的专项资助有可能解决当地农民生计与白头鹤觅食的冲突。The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of human-caused disturbances on the hooded cranes （ Grus monacha） in Qiqihar based on the field survey and indoor analysis. Results indicated that the auditory stimuli caused by local people provoked the most pronounced disturbance to Grus monacha. Human-caused disturbances not only frequently interrupt the feeding process of crane, but also lead to an increase in vigilance duration by 200% and a significant increase in flying time from 21 to 43 min in a day （p〈0.05）. In addition, high-intensity noise can cause larger flushing distance; the foraging cranes will flush away by about 600 m when disturbed by the honking of vehicles. Whistle and shout produced by local farmers in field generate the largest sound intensity, about 120 dB, which cause a flushing distance of over 700 m. Food availability at the stopover sites may ＇affect hooded cranes＇ diet composition. Limited by food availability, the health condition of the G. monacha arriving late is inferior to those arriving early. To reduce the negative effect of human-caused disturbances on the hooded cranes, it is imperative to define a buffer zone around the sensitive areas during the stopover perical in fall. To solve the conflicts between the farmers＇ interest and the hooded cranes＇ demand of crops, financial compensation to the farmers for the crops eaten by G. monacha is necessary for a better conservation of this vulnerable bird species.

关 键 词：迁徙鹤 停歇地 觅食行为 人类干扰 

分 类 号：Q958.12[生物学—动物学]