制冷工质燃烧(分解)及生成有毒气体的探讨  

Study on Ignition and Generation of Toxic Gases from Refrigerants

作　　者：朱明善[1] 史琳[1] 

机构地区：[1]热科学与动力工程教育部重点实验室清华大学,北京100084

出　　处：《制冷学报》2011年第3期1-5,共5页Journal of Refrigeration

摘　　要：2010年6月以来,德国联邦材料研究与测试所(BAM)声称R1234yf暴露于点火源后会生成有毒HF气体,危害人身健康。2010年末国内也有对R32表达同样疑虑的反映。为此,从化学反应动力学原理、从生成有毒气体的种类及其允许暴露极限、并参考SAE研究成果等几方面,对BAM报告进行了探讨和分析,得出了一些看法,其中特别是从它们试验结果发现,在相同背景下凡是R1234yf导致生成HF浓度超标的,R134a也超标,这就说明了这个问题不足以构成它们应用的障碍;并有理由认为:即使在极端恶劣条件下,R32的HF和可燃风险概率也将分别小于或等于R1234yf(R134a)的10-12和10-14量级,处于极低的风险水平。The final test report for ignition behavior of R1234yf was published by BAM,Germany in June of 2010.It pointed out that HF exposures from thermal decomposition or combustion of R1234yf would be likely to results in personal injury.At the end of the year,there was also a concern on the R32 in China.Hence,these issues are analyzed based on chemical reaction kinetics,toxic gas exposure limit allowed,and with reference to SAE results.It is found that when R1234yf leads to the generation of excessive concentration of HF,and it is same status for R134a of excessive concentration of HF in the same background,which indicates that this problem does not constitute an obstacle to their application.Moreover,it is reasonable to assume that the risks of R32 both from generation of HF and from ignition are comparable to or less than the risks 10-12 and 10-14 from R1234yf or R134a.It is in extremely low overall levels of risk for R32.

关 键 词：工程热物理 制冷工质 燃烧 生成有毒气体 R32 R1234yf R134A 

分 类 号：TB612[一般工业技术—制冷工程] TQ038.1[化学工程]