新疆于田流水墓地青铜时代人类颅骨的非连续性特征研究  

Cranial Non-metric Evidence for Population Admixture Between East and West Eurasia in Bronze Age,Southwestern Xinjiang

作　　者：张建波[1,2] 巫新华[3] 李黎明[1,2] 金力[1,2] 李辉[1,2] 谭婧泽[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学遗传工程国家重点实验室现代人类学教育部重点实验室,上海200433 [2]上海人类学学会,上海200433 [3]中国社会科学院考古研究所,北京100710

出　　处：《人类学学报》2011年第4期379-404,共26页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31071102);上海市哲学社会科学规划课题(2010BZH005)

摘　　要：新疆是欧亚大陆东西方人群交流的关键地带,新疆人群是研究东西交流史的主要对象。本文对昆仑山北麓青铜时代的新疆于田流水墓地出土的20具颅骨进行了61项非连续性特征的观察,对其中的20项非连续性特征与世界范围近代和现代人群进行频率数据的主成分分析,计算样本间的史密斯生物学距离,根据距离系数作邻接法聚类分析和多维尺度分析。结果显示,于田流水墓地人群是一组欧亚混合的人群,且与南亚人群有一定程度的相似性,表明东西方人群的交流早在公元前1000年就存在于新疆西南昆仑山地区。Xinjiang,the western-most province of China,was the area where the Oriental met the Occidental,and thus human groups in Xinjiang exhibit different ratios of population admixture and very high genetic diversity.However,few studies have been undertaken to determine when this population admixture began.In this paper,we studied 61 discontinuous traits of 20 skulls from the Bronze Age Liushui graveyard in Keriya County（Katan） in southwestern Xinjiang to examine possible population admixture.Twenty discontinuous traits were used to compare the Katan samples with 53 population samples from various areas of Eurasia and North Africa.These traits included auditory exostosis,lambdoidal ossicle,occipito-mastoid bone,asterionic ossicle,parietal notch bone,accessory infraorbital foramen,hypoglossal canal bridging,tympanic dehiscence,accessory mental foramen,condylar canal patent,metopism,precondylar tubercle,paracondylar process,mylohyoid bridging,biasterionic suture vestige,jugular foramen bridging,transverse zygomatic suture vestiges,medial palatine canal,ovale-spinosum confluence and supraorbital nerve foramen. As the data did not show significant difference between males and females in the same population,we pooled the data of both sexes for each population in the analyses.Frequency comparison indicated that the Katan samples have closer affinities to southeastern Asians,eastern Asians,and southern Asians than to Arctic populations and North Africans.Fisher＇s exact probability test for the 20 discontinuous traits was performed between the Katan samples and the pooled samples of 12 geographical regions respectively.Few significant differences between these populations were found suggesting that the Katan population might have various origins and be related with peoples from various areas in Eurasia.Genetic distances between the Katan samples and another 53 samples were also analysed using principal components analysis,neighbour-joining tree,and multidimensional scaling base on the Smith＇s mean measure of divergence.

关 键 词：非连续性特征 于田 体质人类学 

分 类 号：Q983[生物学—人类学]