塑料牛奶包装及处置方式生命周期环境影响研究  

Environmental impacts from milk plastic package and waste treatments of entire life cycle

作　　者：谢明辉[1] 李丽[2] 乔琦[1] 孙启宏[1] 张霖琳[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院国家环境保护生态工业重点实验室,北京100012 [2]中国环境科学研究院固体废物污染控制技术研究所,北京100012 [3]中国环境监测总站,北京100012

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2011年第11期1924-1930,共7页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2006BAC02A13);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2009ZX07208-002)

摘　　要：采用生命周期评价(LCA)法研究了塑料牛奶包装的全生命周期环境影响,并在处置阶段对不同处置方式的环境影响进行比较.通过现场和资料调研的方式,获得所有生命周期阶段能量物质的输入/输出和环境外排数据.结果表明:塑料牛奶包装生命周期阶段中环境影响比重最大的是原料获取阶段,占90%以上.其全生命周期环境影响主要集中在化石燃料、无机物对人体损害和气候变化3个方面,在致癌、酸化富营养化和生态毒性方面影响稍小.3种处置方式对环境影响由大到小依次为填埋>焚烧>再生,其中填埋和焚烧处置分别比塑料包装处置阶段前的环境影响增加16.1%和5.3%,再生可降低75.9%.Life cycle assessment （LCA） approach was used to examine the environmental impacts in the life cycle of plastic package for milk, and to compare the environmental impacts from different plastic package waste treatments. The data for the mass, energy fluxes and environmental emissions were obtained from site investigations and from published literature. It shows that the environmental impact of raw material extraction was the highest, over 90% of total environmental impacts, in its life cycle. In comparison with that the environmental impacts mainly come from fossil fuels consumption, climate change and damage to respiratory effects from inorganic substances categories. The contribution of carcinogens, acidification/eutrophication and ecotoxicity categories was less. The environmental impact from plastic package waste was highest in landfill treatment followed by incineration and recycle. Landfill and incineration could append 16.1% and 5.3% of additional environmental impact respectively, compared to that before plastic package come into waste stream. In contrast, recycle could reduce 75.9% of environmental impact more significantly.

关 键 词：塑料包装 生命周期评价(LCA) 环境影响 处置方式 

分 类 号：X820.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]