饲料酵母对大菱鲆生长及肠道显微结构的影响  

Effect of Feed Yeast on Growth Performance and Intestinal Microscopic Structure of Turbot Scophthalmus maximus

作　　者：崔敏[1] 郭冉[1] 夏辉[1] 苏利[1] 王静[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学海洋学院,河北秦皇岛066000

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2011年第5期976-981,共6页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家发改委2008年重大产业技术开发项目;秦皇岛市科技计划项目(201101A207)

摘　　要：试验旨在研究不同比例的饲料酵母替代鱼粉对大菱鲆生长及肠道显微结构的影响。设计5种等氮、等能的试验饲料(B1(对照组)、B2、B3、B4和B5),分别用0、15%、30%、45%、60%的饲料酵母替代饲料中0、17%、34%、51%、68%的鱼粉。经过56 d的饲养,结果表明:B2的增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)最高(B2的WGR是275.30%,SGR是1.91%;对照组WGR为235.66%,SGR为1.82%),饲料系数(FCR)最低(B2的FCR为1.34,而对照组为1.53)。B2(97.44%)和B4(94.87%)的成活率(SR)均显著高于对照组(84.62%)(P<0.05),而B5(74.36%)显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。鱼体的粗蛋白含量随着饲料酵母替代比例的增加而逐渐降低(P<0.05),粗灰分则逐渐升高(P<0.05)。从切片观察肠道皱襞高度显著下降,当饲料酵母替代68%鱼粉时,前肠肠道组织结构完整性被破坏,部分肠绒毛脱落,中肠和后肠的肠绒毛都变短,且后肠固有层变宽,粘膜层与肌层结缔组织连接疏松。综合考虑大菱鲆的生长指标、形体指标、鱼体成分和显微结构等因素,要获得最佳的养殖效益,大菱鲆饲料中的添加量以15%为宜。The experiment was conducted to study the effect of replacement of fish meal by feed yeast（Candida utilis） on growth and intestinal microscopic structure of turbot（Scophthalmus maximus）.Five kinds of isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets containing 0,15%,30%,45% and 60% of feed yeast.Were used to replace 0（B1）,17%（B2）,34%（B3）,51%（B4） and 68%（B5） of fish meal were respectively.After 56 d feeding trial,it was observed that B2 got the highest weight gain rate（WGR）（275.30%）,specific growth rate（SGR）（1.91%） and the lowest feed conversion rate（FCR）（1.34） compared with the control（235.66%,1.82% and 1.53 respectively）（P〈0.05）.The values of survival rates（SR） in B2（97.44%） and B4（94.87%） were significantly higher than that of the control（84.62%）,but that of B5 was significantly lower（74.36%）.Crude protein content decreased,on the contrary,ash content increased with the feed yeast increasing in the diets.Observation of slices revealed that the entero-plica height of intestine decreased significantly.The structural integrity of anterior intestine in the 68% alternative group was destroyed,the part of intestinal villi shed.The intestinal villi of mid-intestine and posterior intestine were shorter,the proper layer of posterior intestine became wider and the connective tissue of proper layer loosened.The overall conclusion is that the optimal feed yeast addition in diets may be set at 15% based on the results of growth performance,physical indicators,body composition and intestinal microscopic structure.

关 键 词：大菱鲆 饲料酵母 生长性能 肠道显微结构 

分 类 号：S963.5[农业科学—水产养殖]