21世纪的首次大流行:2009甲型(H1N1)流感  

The first pandemic of the 21st century:2009 A (H1N1) influenza

作　　者：刘超[1] 陈薇[1] 李艳梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]聊城大学生命科学学院,聊城252059

出　　处：《生命科学》2011年第10期1034-1039,共6页Chinese Bulletin of Life Sciences

摘　　要：2009年4月初,在墨西哥和美国出现一种新型甲型(H1N1)流感病毒。该病毒通过人-人传播迅速在全球范围蔓延。该病毒拥有来自人流感病毒、禽流感病毒和猪流感病毒的基因片段,其HA基因与引发1918年大流行的流感病毒株的HA基因同源性很高。该病毒倾向于感染儿童、青少年、孕妇,以及具有心肺疾病的人。据观察,它在人群中的传播能力高于季节性流感。部分感染患者具有在季节性流感中罕见的呕吐和腹泻症状。先前的流感病毒大流行和2009年爆发的甲型H1N1流感病毒大流行表明,由于流感病毒变异速度快、容易发生基因重排,新产生的变异毒株很可能造成新的大流行,威胁人类健康。由于禽流感病毒和人流感病毒都能感染猪,猪被认为是通过基因重排生成新的大流行病毒的"混合容器"。In early April 2009,a novel influenza A（H1N1） virus emerged in Mexico and the USA.The virus spread worldwide quickly through human-to-human transmission.This virus contains gene fragments from human,avian,and swine influenza viruses.The HA gene of this virus was highly homologous to the HA gene of 1918 pandemic influenza strain.The virus appeared to primarily affect children,young adults,pregnant women,as well as those with underlying cardiac or lung disease condition.Its transmissible ability among humans appears to be higher than that of seasonal influenza.Some infected patients have vomiting and diarrhea,which are rare in seasonal influenza.Previous influenza pandemics and 2009 influenza A（H1N1） virus pandemic show that,as the influenza virus mutates fast and prone to gene reassortment,the new variant strain is likely to cause a new pandemic and pose a threat to human health.Since swine are known to be permissive to both avian and human influenza viruses,they have been proposed as a ＂mixing vessel＂ for the generation of new pandemic viruses through gene reassortment.

关 键 词：2009甲型(H1N1)流感病毒 猪源流感病毒 基因重排 

分 类 号：R373[医药卫生—病原生物学]