湘中一次突发性大暴雨过程分析  

Analysis of an Abrupt Rainstorm Process in the Central Hunan Province

作　　者：杨令 姚蓉 刘志雄 周斌 王乐辉 张子歆 

机构地区：[1]湖南省益阳市气象局,湖南益阳413000 [2]湖南省气象局,湖南长沙410000 [3]湖南省永州市气象局,湖南永州425000

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2011年第31期19463-19467,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：湖南省气象局重点项目"基于综合气象资料的湖南大暴雨形成机理和预报方法研究"

摘　　要：[目的]分析2010年5月6日湘中一次突发性大暴雨过程。[方法]利用NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料、常规观测资料、自动站雨量及FY-2C卫星资料,分析了2010年5月5日晚～6日湘中一次大暴雨期间的大尺度环流背景及物理条件,揭示此次大暴雨形成的大尺度环境条件、中尺度特征以及可能的成因;并利用FY-2D卫星云导风与水汽云图、红外云图及TBB黑体亮温,分析大暴雨对流系统的演变特征。[结果]此次湘中强降水过程具有降水持续时间较短、强度大等明显的中尺度特征;此次大暴雨是在有利环境背景形势下,由中尺度对流系统造成的,并与高空横槽、中低层切变线、地面弱冷空气及高低空急流有着密切的关系;各种物理量分析结果表明此次暴雨上空中尺度特征非常明显,强降水分布在湘中一线,其主要原因是中尺度系统造成;卫星云图上动力干带、TBB=-60℃值中心与其梯度大值区可为大暴雨的预报和预警提供参考依据。[结论]该研究为湖南省大暴雨预报和临近预警积累经验。[Objective] The aim is to expound the abrupt rainstorm in the central Hunan Province on May 6 in 2010.[Method] By dint of NCEP 1°×1° reanalysis data,routine observation data,auto-station precipitation and FY-2C satellite data,the large-scale circulation background and physical condition during the large rainstorm period from the night on May 5 to 6 in 2010 were analyzed.The large scale environment,meso-scale characteristics and potential causes for the formation of large precipitation were revealed.By ding of FY-2D satellite and water-vapor cloud image,infrared cloud image,TBB black light temperature,the variation characteristics of heavy rainstorm convection system were analyzed.Under the favorable environment background,the rainstorm was induced by the meso-scale convection system,and it had close relation with the upper-air trough,shear line in the middle and low layer,ground weak and cold air and the torrent in the upper and low latitude.The result of all kinds of physical quantities suggested that the meso-scale rainstorm above the air had distinct characteristics and the strong precipitation was in the middle Hunan Province.It was caused by meso-system.The dynamic dry belt above the satellite,TBB=-60 ℃ center and the large value area of the gradient could provide references for the forecast and pre-warning of large rainstorm.[Conclusion] The study accumulated experiences for the forecast and report of rainstorm in Hunan Province.

关 键 词：大暴雨 突发性 特征分析 湘中 

分 类 号：P458.121.1[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]