斑岩铜矿床研究进展  

Review on Porphyry Copper Deposit

作　　者：张云国[1] 周朝宪[2] 

机构地区：[1]有色金属矿产地质调查中心,北京100012 [2]北京矿产地质研究院,北京100012

出　　处：《地球科学进展》2011年第11期1173-1190,共18页Advances in Earth Science

摘　　要：斑岩铜矿不但形成于环太平洋成矿域,还形成于特提斯成矿域和中亚成矿域(古亚洲洋成矿域)。成矿物质来源于深部,经过"洋壳—地幔熔岩流"、"原始岩浆"、"浅部富矿岩浆"和"岩浆结晶—成矿"4个阶段,其中在"原始弧岩浆"阶段,通过MASH过程,有大量成矿物质和能量的聚集。成矿流体为富H2O、高温、高压、高盐度、强氧化性、高氧逸度的富矿气液相流体,这些特点有利于成矿物质在岩浆—热液分离过程中向流体富集,并以氯络合物的形式运移。随着成矿流体的上侵,温度和压力的降低是成矿物质沉淀的主要影响因素。磁铁矿的结晶为成矿流体提供了大量的S2-离子,也是导致成矿物质沉淀的主要因素。斑岩型蚀变带从里向外为石英内核、钾化带、SCC带和泥化带,铜矿化主要发育在矿化带外围以及SCC带。目前,斑岩铜矿成矿模型主要有经典模型、系统模型和多阶段叠加模型。Porphyry copper deposit as the largest source of Cu is one of the most important deposits in the world. Porphyry Copper Deposit not only occured in Circum-Pacific ore-forming region, but also oceured in Tethys ore-forming region and Middle-Asian（Paleo-Asian Oceanic） ore-forming region. The mineralization materials de- rived from the deep. Porphyry forms through four stages： ＂Oceanic Crust-Mantle Lava Flow＂,＂ Original Magma＂, ＂Shallow Ore Magma＂,＂ Crystallization of Magma-Minerali- zation＂. In the stage of ＂Original Magma＂, much met- allogenic materials and energy gather through the process of ＂MASH＂. Ore-forming fluids are high-grade fliuds of gas-liquid phase, which are of fluid-rich, high temperature, high pressure, high salinity, strong oxidizing, high ox- ygen fugacity. The characteristics of ore-torming fluids are favorable tbr metallogenic materials to gather from mag- mas to fluids in the process of magma-hydrothermal separation. The copper is transported and migrated in torm ot Cl-complexes. With the ascent of ore-forming fluids, lowering of temperature and pressure is the main factors resul- ting in copper precipitation. The crystallization of magnetite resulting from lowering temperature and pressure pro- vides much of S2- and plays an important role in the formation of porphyry copper ore. From the inner to the out- side, the alteration zones,in general, are composed of quartz zone, potassic zone, SCC zone and argillic zone. The proposed genesis models which are commonly accepted, up to now, include the classical model, the system model and the model of polyphasal overprinting events.

关 键 词：斑岩铜矿 地质特征 蚀变带 源岩 沉淀机制 成矿机理 模型 

分 类 号：P611[天文地球—矿床学] P588.1[天文地球—地质学]