煤炭污染物经由沙尘长途传输对大气质量的影响  

The Impact of Coal-fired Pollutants Through Long-Range Transport on Air Quality

作　　者：魏星[1] 张蓉[1] 庄国顺[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学环境科学与工程系,上海200433

出　　处：《复旦学报（自然科学版）》2011年第5期547-555,共9页Journal of Fudan University：Natural Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)课题资助项目(2006CB403704)

摘　　要：燃煤产生的大量污染物与沙尘不断混合和相互作用,并传输至下游区域,对大气质量可能产生显著影响.利用地面以及高山采样点组成的气溶胶监测网络采集颗粒物样品.结果表明,As在各地气溶胶中的含量均在沙尘暴(DS)期间比非沙尘(NDS)期间增加了3～4倍,甚至数十倍.S的含量均增加了几倍乃至十几倍.气溶胶中PAH(4)/PAH(5,6)比值在其传输下游区域城市DS期间明显高于NDS期间,证明沙尘能吸附并携带燃煤产生的有机污染物.上海的As,Se,S的含量在DS期间比在NDS期间高出几倍以上,甚至几十倍,说明了煤炭污染物经由沙尘传输对沿海大城市的大气质量产生了严重的影响.在海岛采样点,As和S即使在弱DS期间也比在NDS期间含量增加了2～3倍,可见沙尘携带的煤炭污染物将影响海洋气溶胶并影响海洋生态系统.As,Pb在全国各地气溶胶中的富集系数均高达1 000以上,表明我国煤炭污染物已经污染了我国几乎所有地区的大气和土壤.Coal-fired pollutants constantly mix and interact with dust,further transport to downwind areas,will exert a significant impact on air quality and marine ecosystems.A sampling network was configured including ground and mountain sites to collect aerosol samples.The concentration of As in aerosol increased 3—4 folds,even 10 folds,during DS compared to NDS in all these sites.The concentration of S all increased several to more than ten times during DS.The ratio of PAH（4）/PAH（5,6） in aerosol in downwind city is obviously higher during DS compared to NDS,showing dust can absorb and carry coal-fired organic pollutants.The concentration of As,Se,S in Shanghai increased several times even several tens during DS,verifying the coal-fired pollutants through long-range transport have severe impact on the air quality of coastal mega-cities.On the island,even during weak DS,As and S increase 2-3 times,which indicating the coal-fired pollutants carried by dust will affect marine aerosol and further impact marine ecosystems.What＇s more,the EFs of As and Pb in aerosol across the whole China reached as high as1000,demonstrating coal-fired pollutants have contaminated almost all the air and soil in China.

关 键 词：煤炭污染物 沙尘 长途传输 大气质量 

分 类 号：X32[环境科学与工程—环境工程]