全基因组选择及其在奶牛育种中应用进展  

Genome Selection and Its Application in Dairy Cattle Breeding

作　　者：范翌鹏[1] 孙东晓[1] 张勤[1] 张胜利[1] 张沅[1] 刘林[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学动物科技学院,北京100193 [2]北京奶牛中心,北京100192

出　　处：《中国奶牛》2011年第20期33-38,共6页China Dairy Cattle

摘　　要：全基因组选择是指基于基因组育种值（GEBV）的选择方法,指通过检测覆盖全基因组的分子标记,利用基因组水平的遗传信息对个体进行遗传评估,以期获得更高的育种值估计准确度。由于可显著缩短世代间隔,全基因组选择作为一项育种新技术在奶牛育种中具有广阔的应用前景,目前已经成为各国的研究热点。不同国家的试验结果表明,奶牛育种中基于GEBV的遗传评估可靠性在20%~67%之间,如果代替常规后裔测定体系,可节省92%的育种成本。本文综述了全基因组选择的基本原理及其在各国奶牛育种中的应用现状和所面临的问题。Genomic selection refers to selection decisions based on genomic estimated breeding values（GEBV）.The GEBV are calculated as the sum of the effects of dense genetic markers or haplotypes of these markers across the entire genome,thereby potentially capturing all the quantitative trait loci（QTL） that contribute to variation in a trait.Genomic selection has become a focus of study in many countries as the new breeding method.Reliabilities of GEBV for young bulls without progeny test results in the reference population were between 20 and 67%.By avoiding progeny testing,bull breeding companies could save their costs up to 92%.In this paper,the progress of genomic selection,including the principle,methods,accuracy and advantages of genomic selection and the application of genomic selection in dairy cattle breeding were reviewed.

关 键 词：全基因组选择 奶牛 育种 

分 类 号：S823.2[农业科学—畜牧学]