我国医院护理人力资源配置与需求的研究  

Study on current staffing of nurses and need of hospital nursing human resources in China

作　　者：许莹[1] 尤黎明[2] 刘可[2] 刘华平[3] 李小妹[4] 李小寒[5] 何国平[6] 尚少梅[7] 胡雁[8] 蒋晓莲[9] 颜君[2] 郑晶[2] 朱晓雯[2] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院,广州510089 [2]中山大学护理学院 [3]北京协和医学院护理学院 [4]西安交通大学护理学院 [5]中国医科大学护理学院 [6]中南大学护理学院 [7]北京大学护理学院 [8]复旦大学护理学院 [9]四川大学护理学院

出　　处：《中国实用护理杂志》2011年第31期1-5,共5页Chinese Journal of Practical Nursing

基　　金：美国中华医学基金会项目（08-889）;国家卫生部科研基金资助（09-ZD06）;志谢：本文承蒙美国宾州大学卫生结局与政策研究中心主任Linda Aiken博士提供《宾州注册护士调查问卷（佛罗里达州版）》及技术指导;美国中华医学基金会（China Medical Board,CMB）资助的CMB护理网学校（按笔划排序：中山大学、中国医科大学、中南大学、四川大学、北京大学、北京协和医学院、西安交通大学、复旦大学等8所大学护理学院）、新疆医科大学等兄弟院校护理学院参与了各抽样地区的资料收集工作,以及所有参与调查和提供资料的医院和护士

摘　　要：目的了解我国医院护理人力资源的配置与教育现状及医院对护理人力资源的需求情况。方法采用问卷调查法对我国内地181所三级、二级医院及9774名护士进行调查。结果三级、二级医院的平均医护比分别为1：1．39和l：1．31，均低于卫生部编制标准。164所占97．6％医院的医护比和105所占61．8％医院的护士人数占卫生技术人员总数的比例不达标。6050人占62．3％的护士的起始学历是中专。2003年至2007年医院招聘中专生的构成比下降而大专／高职生、本科生的构成比均上升。合同制已成为医院聘用护士的主要形式，从2003年占新人职护士的60％上升到2007年的78％，有的地区已超过90％。2009年至2013年医院对中专生和大专／高职生的需求量及构成比均呈下降趋势，而对本科生和硕士生的需求呈上升趋势。结论我国医院护理人员配置不足，起始学历偏低，新入职护士聘用形式主要为合同制。我国医院对护理人员的需求总量增加，其中对中专生的需求量呈减少的趋势，大专／高职生是需求的主体但需求量呈先增加后减少的趋势，对本科生及研究生的需求量呈增加的趋势。建议合理配置护理人员数量，重视合同制护士的就业环境与职业前景，改善我国护理专业起始教育的层次结构。Objective To investigate the current staffing of nurses and need of hospital nursing human resources in China. Methods Data were collected from 181 secondary and tertiary hospitals and 9774 nurses in China's Mainland by questionnaires. Results The average doctor-nurse ratio was 1 ： 1.39 in tertiary hospitals and 1 ： 1.31 in secondary hospitals. The doctor-nurse ratios in 164 hospitals （97.6%） and the proportion of nurses in health care staff in 105 hospitals （61.8%） had not reached the standard set by the Ministry of Health of China. 62.3% nurses held secondary diploma for their initial nursing education. The constituent ratio of nurses held secondary diploma decreased, while the ratio of nurses held advanced diploma and bachelor degree increased in the last 5 years from 2003 to 2007. Sixty percent of newly em- ployed nurses Were contract nurses in 2003. The proportion increased to 78% in 2007, and in some regions it accounted for more than 90% of new nurses. The needs and constituent ratio of nurses with secondary diploma and advanced diploma would decrease while nurses with bachelor degree and master degree would increase in the next 5 years （from 2009 to 2013）. Conclusions The nursing shortage is still severe in China, and nursing staff mainly held secondary diploma for their initial nursing education. Most of new nurses were employed as contract nurses. The need of hospitals for nurses has increased, especially for nurses with higher educational level such as bachelor degree and master degree, while the need for secondary diploma holders have decreased. The need for advanced diploma holders has increased in the last 5 years and would decrease in the next 5 years, but they would still be the majority of employed nurses. The authors suggested that the staffing of nursing manpower,the work environments and career development of contract nurses should be improved, and the initial nursing education should be upgraded to meet the needs of hospitals.

关 键 词：护理 人力资源 教育 需求 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学]