养殖密度对中华鲟行为、免疫力和养殖环境水质的影响  

EFFECTS OF CULTURING DENSITY ON BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY OF CAPTIVE ACIPENSER SINENSIS AND ON THE WATER QUALITY OF THEIR LIVING POOL

作　　者：张晓雁[1,2,3,5] 李罗新[4] 危起伟[1,3,4] 张先锋[1,3] 沈丽[4] 张艳珍[5] 杨道明[5] 栾钢[5] 刘健伟[6] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所,湖北武汉430072 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]中国科学院水生生物多样性与保护重点实验室,湖北武汉430072 [4]农业部淡水生物多样性保护与利用重点开放实验室,中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,湖北荆州434000 [5]北京海洋馆,北京100081 [6]中国水产科学研究院,北京100141

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2011年第11期1348-1354,共7页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：中国水产科学研究院研究型业务专项(2011C002);农业公益性行业科研专项淡水水生生物资源增殖放流及生态修复技术研究(200903048);三峡工程环境保护补偿经费生态建设类(施工区外)三峡工程珍稀鱼类增殖放流项目(2005-2009)

摘　　要：以北京海洋馆驯养的野生和子一代中华鲟为对象,研究了养殖密度对中华鲟行为、免疫力和养殖环境水质的影响。结果表明:在养殖密度分别为2.7、2.4、2.0kg/m3的循环水环境中,中华鲟的泳层分布改变,体型小的中华鲟变化最大。3种密度环境对中华鲟食欲未有明显影响,对野生中华鲟和F1-1998的泳速和呼吸频率也未有明显影响。2.7kg/m3的密度下,F1-1998的超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力、超氧化物歧化酶/丙二醛值下降,而丙二醛水平上升。在养殖密度为2.7和2.4kg/m3的水环境时,水体悬浮总细菌数量持续大于8 000cfu/100mL,年龄大的中华鲟,包括野生中华鲟和F1-1998中华鲟细菌感染。同期对水质监测结果表明,氨/铵、亚硝酸盐和浊度稳定,硝酸盐、磷酸盐和总细菌随养殖密度下降而降低,溶解氧、酸碱度上升,各密度组间存在显著性差异(p<0.05),硝酸盐、磷酸盐、总细菌与养殖密度存在着显著的正相关。实验表明,使用循环水养殖中华鲟,环境负荷对水体微生物和养殖鱼免疫力的影响是极为显著的。推荐最佳养殖密度为2.0kg/m3。Studies on effects of culturing density on behavior and immunity of the Chinese sturgeon Acipenser sinensis and the effects on the water quality of their living pool were reported in this paper.Six wild sturgeons and 62 offsprings were cultured in three different living densities of 2.7,2.4 and 2.0 kg/m3 respectively in Beijing Aquarium between 2008 and 2009.Behavioral observation showed that the distribution of swimming-level of fish changed at different culturing densities,and the behavior of younger fish changed more frequently.The sturgeon＇s appetite didn＇t show much difference in different densities.Swimming speed and respiratory frequency of wild sturgeons and #F1-1998 didn＇t changed either.On the other hand,SOD,SOD/MDA and GSH-PX of serum of #F1-1998 decreased,while MDA increased at the density of 2.7 kg/m3.The older fish including wild and #F1-1998 were infected by bacteria at the densities of 2.7 and 2.4 kg/m3 when the total bacteria numbers were continuously higher than 8 000 cfu/100 ml.With the decrease of density,NH3/NH4-,NO2-and turbidity did not fluctuated significantly,NO3-,PO43-and total bacteria number declined,while DO and pH increased,and there were significant differences（p0.01） among these parameters at the three different densities.NO3-,PO43-and total bacteria numbers were positively correlated significantly with the density.These results indicate that the effect of the environmental capacity on the aquatic microbial communities and the fish immunity is significant when the sturgeons are cultured in recirculated water system.An optimal culturing density is drawn at 2.0 kg/m3 from this study.

关 键 词：中华鲟 养殖密度 循环水 水质 人工饲养 行为 免疫力 

分 类 号：Q178.1[生物学—水生生物学]