通风对堆肥供氧的影响及堆高优化研究  

Impact of Aeration on Oxygen Variation during Composting and Optimization on Pile Height

作　　者：沈玉君[1,2] 李国学[2] 任丽梅[2] 汤灿[2] 郭瑞[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2011年第11期171-175,共5页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40971177);重大水专项"畜禽养业废弃资源化处理技术研究与示范"(2008ZX807209-03-3);"十一"五国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD89BP7)

摘　　要：通风是影响好氧堆肥过程中堆体氧气浓度的重要因素。通过设置0.01 m3/(min.m3)(A1)、0.1 m3/(min.m3)(A2)和0.2 m3/(min.m3)(A3)三种不同通风速率进行好氧堆肥试验,考查堆体中氧气的变化情况,并利用氧气一维扩散方程进行堆体高度的优化。结果表明,鼓风停止时,处理A2、A3的氧气浓度基本接近20%,可达到复氧的要求,而处理A1最高氧气浓度只有7.7%。鼓风停止30 min时,处理A1堆体中氧气浓度变化不大,处理A2、A3堆体中氧气浓度较0 min时降到了10%以下;在整个堆肥过程中,处理A2的氧气浓度略低于处理A3。处理A2的最大耗氧速率可达0.530△O2%/min(即单位时间内氧气体积浓度的减少值),高于其它处理,且达到最大耗氧速率的时间最短,可较好地促进堆肥的降解。利用氧气一维扩散方程计算表明,采用0.1 m3/(min.m3)的通风速率在60 L的堆肥罐中堆肥,堆体高度设计为2.83 m,可达到节约能源和增大产量的双重目的。Aeration is a critical factor determining the oxygen concentration during composting process.By setting 3 different aeration rates which were 0.01 m3/（min·m3）（Al）,0.1 m3/（min·m3）（A2） and 0.2 m3/（min·m3）（A3）,the oxygen variation was studied and the optimal height of composition pile was obtained based on one-dimensional diffusion equation of oxygen.Results showed that the oxygen concentration of A2 and A3 was close to 20% at the time of aeration stopped,up to the requirement of reoxygenation,while the maximum oxygen concentration of Al was only 7.7%.After stopping 30 min for aeration,there was no obvious change for A1.But the oxygen concentration of A2 and A3 decreased to below 10% compared to the aeration stopping time.At the whole composting process,the oxygen concentration of A2 was below A3 during composting,with the maximum oxygen consumption rate of A2 up to 0.530△O2%/min and higher than other runs.The maximum consumption rate could be reached using the shortest time.If composting is processed at volume of 60 L and aeration rate of 0.1 m3/（min·m3）,the composting pile designed for 2.83 m could conserve resource and increase compost production effectively.

关 键 词：好氧堆肥 通风速率 氧气 堆体高度 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]