马鞍山市医务人员艾滋病职业暴露危险因素现况调查  

Survey on AIDS occupational exposure risk factors among medical staff in Maanshan City

作　　者：秦其荣[1] 朱宏斌[1] 查兵[1] 张振[1] 周术容[1] 高媛[1] 曹多志[1] 詹圣伟[1] 叶冬青[2] 

机构地区：[1]马鞍山市疾病预防控制中心,安徽马鞍山243000 [2]安徽医科大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系,安徽合肥230032

出　　处：《中华疾病控制杂志》2011年第11期959-961,共3页Chinese Journal of Disease Control & Prevention

基　　金：马鞍山市卫生局第八批科研经费资助

摘　　要：目的了解和掌握医务人员艾滋病职业暴露危险因素及防护现况,为医务人员艾滋病职业暴露防护提供科学依据。方法采用整群抽样方法选择马鞍山市级综合医院4家、县级医院1家、乡镇卫生院15家、社区服务中心12家、村卫生室25所,于2010年11月~2011年1月对567名医务人员进行问卷调查。结果 27.0%（153/567）的医务人员有过艾滋病职业暴露经历;60.8%（345/567）在诊疗或护理操作时刺伤过自己;46.0%（261/567）的医务人员在诊疗服务中曾被血液或体液溅到破损的皮肤或粘膜上。艾滋病职业暴露率在不同级别医院、科室医务人员之间差异有统计学意义（χ21=33.14,P〈0.001;χ22=15.21,P=0.019）;针刺伤发生率在不同职业、科室医务人员之间差异有统计学意义（χ21=6.31,P=0.043;χ22=71.07,P〈0.001）;有血（体）液溅到破损的皮肤或粘膜上的发生率在不同职称、职业及科室医务人员之间差异有统计学意义（χ21=15.70,P=0.001;χ22=6.46,P=0.040;χ23=49.83,P〈0.001）。结论马鞍山市医务人员对艾滋病职业暴露相关知识掌握较低,发生血液或体液溅到破损的皮肤或粘膜上和锐器刺伤等艾滋病职业暴露率较高,提高医务人员艾滋病职业暴露相关知识水平和自我防护能力十分必要。Objective To understand and master the AIDS occupational exposure risk factors of medical staff and provide the scientific basis for prevention measures.Methods Four city-level hospitals,1 county-level hospital and 15 town-level hospitals and 12 community health service centers and 25 rural health clinics in Maanshan were selected by cluster sampling method,and 567 medical staff were surveyed with a questionnaires from November 2010 to January 2011.Results 27.0% of the medical staff had occupational exposure to AIDS;60.8% of the medical staff had stick injury experiences in the clinic or nursing;46.0% of the medical staff in the medical services had splashing blood or body fluids in the broken skin or mucous membrane.AIDS occupational exposure rate among medical personnel from different level hospitals and departments had statistically significant differences in risk factors（χ21=33.14,P0.001;χ22=15.21,P=0.019） the incidence of needle stick injuries among personnel from different medical staff and departments had statistically significant differences in risk factors（χ21=6.31,P=0.043;χ22=71.07,P0.001）;the incidence of splashing blood or body fluids in the broken skin or mucous membrane among medical personnel from different medical staff,professional title and different departments had statistically significant differences in risk factors（χ21=15.70,P=0.001;χ22=6.46,P=0.040;χ23=49.83,P0.001）.Conclusions Knowledge about AIDS occupational exposure among the medical staff in Maanshan was lower,the occupational exposure rates such as HIV,blood or body fluids splashing in the broken skin or mucous membrane and needle stick injuries was higher,it is necessary to strengthen training to improve the knowledge levels about AIDS occupational exposure and safety awareness.

关 键 词：医务人员 获得性免疫缺陷综合征 职业暴露 危险因素 

分 类 号：R181.1[医药卫生—流行病学] R512.91[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]