天然气使用经济价值计算基本方法  

A package of basic calculation methods of economic value from natural gas as an energy source

作　　者：李鹭光[1] 周志斌[1] 康建国[1] 徐文满[1] 刘明科[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油西南油气田公司

出　　处：《天然气工业》2011年第11期1-5,117,共5页Natural Gas Industry

基　　金：中国石油天然气与管道分公司2010年科研项目专题之一(编号:油气100510)

摘　　要：天然气用户对天然气价格调整的承受能力和使用天然气给用户带来的经济价值是政府调控气价和用户决策是否使用天然气的重要参考指标之一。过去对前者讨论较多,且多以定性为主。为了客观评价天然气使用经济价值,在对天然气使用相关技术经济问题进行深入研究的基础上,提出了天然气使用经济价值计算基本方法。该方法由"净回值法"、"统计分析法"和"替代价值法"组成。其中:①"净回值法"根据均衡价值理论和边际贡献原理,通过天然气使用产出最终产品的价格和投入的生产要素成本等来倒算天然气使用经济价值;②"统计分析法"根据均衡价值理论和边际贡献原理,通过工业企业上报政府统计部门的相关经济指标来计算天然气使用经济价值;③"替代价值法"则根据单位有效热值等价的原理,通过计算在某用途中使用天然气替代物与使用天然气产出相同效果时,需付出的替代经济代价来分析天然气使用经济价值。天然气使用经济价值计算基本方法为定量分析天然气使用经济价值提供了计算基础,可为政府制定天然气价格调整方案和天然气利用的相关政策、天然气上游生产企业开发高效天然气市场和优化天然气销售结构提供定量分析工具,也可为天然气下游企业优化天然气利用结构提供参考。The economic benefit for gas users and their price affordability are one of the most important references for the government to monitor and control the gas pricing system and for the users to decide upon the economical efficiency of using natural gas as their energy source.Previous studies,mostly on the qualitative basis,focused on the gas users'bearing capacity to gas prices.In order to achieve an objective evaluation of economic value in gas usage,we make a deep investigation into the technical-conomical problems related to gas pricing,then present a package of basic calculation methods of economic value from natural gas uses.This package of methods consists of netback pricing,statistical analysis,and alternative method.The netback pricing,based on the value balance theory and the marginal contribution principle,is backward calculation of price starting from the consumer to the wellhead considering the price of the final gas product and the cost of production factors.The statistical analysis,on the basis similar to the former one,calculates the price by use of the relevant economic indexes of the government's statistical departments from companies.In the alternative method,based on the equivalent principle of unit effective calorific value,under the same efficiency of consuming natural gas and its alternative fuel,a comparative analysis is made between them to reveal the economic value of natural gas in such a concrete case.This package of methods as the foundation for the qualitative analysis of economic value of natural gas can help government to complete the gas price adjustment projects and to formulate the relevant gas pricing policies.Besides,it provides the upstream companies a quantitative analysis tool to exploit the full gas reservoir potential and to optimize the gas sales structure,and the reference for the downstream companies to optimize the gas consumption structure.

关 键 词：天然气 使用经济价值 计算 方法 净回值法 统计分析法 替代价值法 

分 类 号：F426.22[经济管理—产业经济]