洞庭湖湿地的外来入侵植物研究  

Study on Invasive Plants in Dongting Lake Wetlands

作　　者：侯志勇[1,2] 谢永宏[1,2] 陈心胜[1,2] 李旭[1,2] 李峰[1,2] 潘瑛[1,2,3] 邓正苗[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,湖南长沙410125 [2]中国科学院洞庭湖湿地生态系统观测研究站,湖南岳阳414005 [3]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《农业现代化研究》2011年第6期744-747,共4页Research of Agricultural Modernization

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向性项目(编号:KZCX2-YW-435);国家重大基础研究计划(编号:2009CB421103);国家自然科学基金项目(编号:31070325)

摘　　要：2007-2011年间通过对洞庭湖湿地大面积实地踏察,对外来植物的种类、分布、来源、生活型、入侵生境、引入途径以及危害程度进行了统计分析。研究表明,该湿地有外来入侵植物19科34属43种,以菊科和苋科植物最常见,分别有7种和6种。危害较大的有美洲杨树(Populus deltoides)、意大利杨(Populus euramevicana)、空心莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)、野胡萝卜(Daucus carota)、积雪草(Centella asiatica)、凤眼莲(Eichhornia crassipes)、垂序商陆(Phytolacca Americana)、五叶地锦(PhytolaccaAmericana)和大薸(Pistia stratiotes)等。外来入侵植物以草本植物为主,占总数的86%。入侵种主要分布于防洪大堤及路边,占总数的62.8%。外来入侵种主要来源于美洲,占55.8%。入侵途径主要是通过人类有意(48.8%)或无意引入(37.2%)。Based on the field survey during 2007-2011, the species composition, distribution, origin, life forms, invasive habitats, introduction paths, and damage extent ofinvasive plants in Dongting Lake wetlands were investigated. A total of 43 invasive species, belonging to 34 genera and 19 families, were recorded. Compositae and Arnoranthaceae are the most common family, consisting of 7 and 6 species respectively. Harmful species included Populus deltoids, Populus euromevicana, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Daucus carota, Centella asiatica, Eichhornia crassipes, Phytolacca Americana, Phytolacca Americana, pistia stratiotes. Among the invasive species, 86% were herbs, 62.8% were distributed in flood control bank or roadside and 55.8%were originated from America. These invasive plants were introduced by intentional （48.8%） or unconscious （37.2%） human activities.

关 键 词：洞庭湖湿地 生物入侵 入侵途径 外来入侵植物 

分 类 号：S412[农业科学—植物保护]