对维特根斯坦反私人语言论证的一种解读  

On Wittgenstein's Arguments of Anti-private Language

作　　者：黄济鳌[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学哲学系,南京210093 [2]广东外语外贸大学思想政治理论学院,广州510006

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2011年第11期1-7,共7页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

摘　　要：维特根斯坦反私人语言的论证过程由环环相扣的三个分论证构成。首先,维特根斯坦提出不为别人所知道的私人感觉是一种语法虚构;其次阐明即使有所谓私人感觉存在,在私人感觉的基础上也不可能建立起私人语言;最后指出,即使有所谓私人语言,这种语言也毫无意义。他承认个体感觉的存在,但这种感觉可以为别人知道。感觉不是语言意义的终极来源,恰恰相反,感觉总在一定的语言游戏中获得意义。与个人感觉相联系的语言总是公共语言,总在一定的语言游戏中充当一定的角色。维特根斯坦的反私人语言论证在心理哲学的层面进一步批驳了建立在实指定义基础上的意义理论,对观念论哲学的根基提出了严峻的挑战。The process of Wittgenstein＇s arguments of anti-private language consists of three associated sectors.First,Wittgenstein thinks private senses are grammar fictions;Second,he thinks even if so-called private senses exist private language could not be constructed on the basis of these senses;The last point,even if there is private language,the language is meaningless.He admitted the existence of individual senses,but others could know these senses.Senses are not the ultimate source of meanings of language,on the contrary,senses obtain meanings from language games.Language associated with individual senses is always common language,and always plays some certain role in some kind of language game.Wittgenstein＇s arguments of anti-private language have further refuted the theory of meaning constructed on ostensive definitions on the level of psychological philosophy,and have come up with severe challenge against the foundation of spiritualism.

关 键 词：私人感觉 私人语言 实指定义 语言游戏 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]