锡林郭勒地区沙尘暴气候致灾因子危险性评价  

Risk Assessment on Climatic Factors Resulting in Sandstorm Disasters in the Xilingol Region

作　　者：武健伟[1] 李锦荣[2] 孙涛[1] 李锋[1] 周湘山[3] 

机构地区：[1]国家林业局调查规划设计院,北京100714 [2]水利部牧区水利科学研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010020 [3]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2011年第6期936-943,共8页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：林业公益性行业科研专项(200804020)

摘　　要：根据锡林郭勒地区1971-2000年气象数据资料,在沙尘暴时空分布研究的基础上,分析该地区沙尘暴气候因子致灾危险性风险区划。结果表明:锡林郭勒地区春季为沙尘暴高发期,占全年的77.28%。沙尘暴年际变化呈递减趋势,空间上由西向东逐渐递减,多发区位于荒漠草原区和农牧交错区。沙尘暴的形成发展与气候影响因子有关,但在不同阶段各站点受气候因子影响各不相同。气候因子致灾危险性总体上呈西南和东北较高、中间区域较低的趋势,危险性最高级位于苏尼特右旗、朱日和、二连浩特和乌拉盖,最低值位于那仁宝力格、太仆寺旗和多伦。除乌拉盖外,气候因子危险性分布与沙尘暴发生频率分布基本一致。The Xilingol region is one of the main typical steppes in China,it is located in an ecological fragile zone,and it is also an important ecological barrier around Beijing.In this paper,the correlations between sandstorm occurrence and climatic factors were analyzed,and the rating matrix of meteorological factors was used to calculate the composite scores so as to research the risk of meteorological factors resulting in sandstorm disasters.The result revealed that the frequency percentage of sandstorm occurred in spring was 77.28%,and the seasonal characteristics of occurring frequency of sandstorm were obvious.Moreover,the occurring frequency of sandstorm was in a decreasing trend in recent 30 years.Spatially,the occurring frequency of sandstorm was gradually decreased from the west to the east,and the areas with high occurring frequency were the desert steppes and the farming-pastoral ecotones.Formation and development of sandstorm are closely related to climatic factors,but the effects of climatic factors on sandstorm occurrence are temporally different.Holistically,the risk of climatic factors resulting in sandstorm disasters in the southwestern and northeastern parts of the study area was higher than that in the central part,and the risk distribution of climatic factors accorded basically with the occurring frequency of sandstorm.

关 键 词：沙尘暴 时空分布 气候因子 危险性评价 荒漠草原 农牧交错区 锡林郭勒 内蒙古 

分 类 号：P425.55[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]