稻秸还田对稻麦两熟农田麦季养分径流流失的影响  

Effects of Rice Straw Return on Surface Runoff Losses of Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus During Wheat Growing Season in Intensive Rice-Wheat Rotation Field

作　　者：郭智[1] 周炜[1] 陈留根[1] 郑建初[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2011年第4期17-20,25,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2007BAD89B12);江苏省博士后科研资助计划(5311004);江苏省农业科学院博士后基金(6510914)

摘　　要：采用田间小区定位试验研究自然降雨条件下稻秸全量还田对稻麦两熟农田麦季养分径流流失特征的影响。结果表明:麦季径流水量可达2 185.05 m3/hm2,秸秆还田(T1)处理可降低径流水量4.43%(p>0.05);常规施肥(T0)条件下,每1 hm2麦田径流流失全N(TN)和全P(TP)总量分别为30.90,3.00 kg,流失率分别达13.73%和3.34%;较T0处理而言,T1、T2(秸秆还田减肥)处理不仅减少TN和TP流失量分别达15.95%,33.50%和13.98%,15.71%(p<0.05),也能降低TN流失率分别达15.95%,16.87%(p<0.05)。同时,T1处理能够显著降低TP流失率达13.98%(p<0.05)。Field plot experiment was carried out to study the effects of rice straw return on surface runoff of nutrients losses during the wheat growing season of intensive rice-wheat double-cropping season under natural rainfall conditions.The results showed that the total volume of surface runoff water reached 2 185.05 m^3/hm^2 during the whole wheat growing season,rice straw application（T1） decreased by 4.43% of the volume of surface runoff water,compared with the conventional fertilization（T0） treatment（p〈0.05）;Under T0 conditions,the total quantities of TN and TP losses by surface runoff reached 30.90,3.00 kg/hm^2,the rates of nutrients losses reached 13.73% and 3.34%,respectively.Compared with T0 treatment,T1 and T2（wheat straw return and reducing fertilizer） not only significantly reduced the quantities of TN and TP losses in the runoff water during the wheat growing season,decreased by 15.95%,33.50%（TN） and 13.98%,15.71%（TP）,respectively,but also significantly decreased by 15.95% and 16.87% of the rate of TN losses（p〈0.05）;Furthermore,T1 treatment significantly reduced the rate of TP loss,which decreased by 13.98%（p〈0.05）.

关 键 词：氮 磷 径流 秸秆还田 养分流失 

分 类 号：S157.4[农业科学—土壤学] S157.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]