三峡库区紫色土坡地柑橘园不同耕作方式的水土流失研究  

Correlation Between Farming Methods and Soil Erosion in the Purple Soil Slope of Citrus Orchard in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

作　　者：江才伦[1] 彭良志[1] 曹立[1] 淳长品[1] 凌丽俐[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院柑橘研究所,重庆400712

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2011年第4期26-31,35,共7页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2007BAD47B04);重庆市科委重大专项(No.17415;No.16281)

摘　　要：在重庆忠县坡度为11°的紫色土柑橘园,设中耕、覆盖、生草和清耕4种处理,用自动雨量记录仪记录降雨过程及降雨量,通过径流小区集水池测量不同耕作方式的地表径流量,取水样测定和统计地表径流中泥沙含量和流失量。结果表明:4种处理的地表径流量为清耕>生草>覆盖>中耕,相互处理间差异极显著,清耕年地表径流量分别比生草、覆盖和中耕高8.88%,10.79%和22.51%;处理间的地表径流水中的泥沙含量差异极显著,生草的泥沙含量分别比覆盖、清耕和中耕的低11.43%,38.00%和60.00%;不同耕作方式间的年泥沙流失量差异极显著,生草的泥沙流失量分别比覆盖、清耕和中耕的低10.84%,46.40%和58.99%。生草栽培可显著减少三峡库区坡地紫色土柑橘园的水土流失。Soil erosion of four farming methods,including clean tillage,sod culture,straw covering and weeding,was measured in purple soil slope with gradient of 11° in citrus orchard in the Three Gorges reservoir area by recording rain process and rainfall with automatic ombrograph,and the surface runoff volume was measured through interception pools for each runoff plots.The sediment contents in surface runoffs water were also analyzed.Results showed that surface runoff volumes for the 4 treatments were weedingsod culture〉straw covering〉clean tillage,and there were extremely significant differences among each farming methods.Annual surface runoff volume of weeding was 8.88%,10.79% and 22.51% higher than those of sod culture,straw covering and clean tillage,respectively.Extremely significant differences existed among the sediment contents of surface runoffs of each farming methods,and the sediment content of sod culture was 11.43%,38.00% and 60.00% lower than those of straw covering,weeding and clean tillage,respectively.In addition,there were also extremely significant differences among sediment losses for each farming methods.The annual sediment loss of sod culture was 10.84%,46.40% and 58.99% lower than those of straw covering,weeding and clean tillage,respectively.Sod culture was the best farming method for reducing soil erosion in slope citrus orchards in the Three Gorges reservoir area.

关 键 词：紫色土 柑橘园 耕作方式 土壤地表径流 泥沙流失量 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学] S157.42[农业科学—农业基础科学]