太湖流域典型蔬菜地地表径流氮磷流失  

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Runoff in the Typical Vegetable Fields in Tai Lake Basin

作　　者：王春梅[1] 蒋治国 赵言文[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境学院,江苏南京210095 [2]常州市农畜水产品质量监督检验测试中心,江苏常州213000

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2011年第4期36-40,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目"农村发展中生态环境管理研究"(70833001)

摘　　要：以太湖流域典型蔬菜地为研究对象,采用田间径流池法进行田间小区试验,研究不同施肥模式下蔬菜地地表径流氮磷流失特征。结果表明:地表径流总氮流失量为45.76～60.45 kg/hm2,总磷流失量为2.67～3.95 kg/hm2。与常规施肥相比,优化施肥可使地表径流氮磷流失量分别减少2.48,0.31 kg/hm2;而增氮施肥和增磷施肥处理的地表径流总氮流失量分别增加了7.76%,3.83%,总磷流失量增加2.84%,9.55%。总氮、总磷流失量与径流量呈显著线性相关,且总磷流失量与径流量的相关性更强(R2=0.913)。应加强汛期时段的田间管理和对磷的监控,减少磷流失量。有机肥与化肥以1:1配施,可有效降低菜地氮磷排放,提高蔬菜产量和氮肥利用率分别为25%,23%。A field experiment with building runoff ponds on the typical vegetable lands in Tai lake basin was conducted to study the characteristics the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus with surface runoff.The results showed that the mean annual discharge of nitrogen and phosphorus was different greatly,total nitrogen（TN） was 45.76 kg/hm^2 to 60.45 kg/hm^2,and total phosphorus（TP） was 2.67 kg/hm^2 to 3.95 kg/hm^2.Comparing with the conventional fertilization,optimum fertilization could reduce the discharge of nitrogen and phosphorus.The discharge amount of TN and TP reduced 2.48 kg/hm^2 and 0.31 kg/hm^2.Nevertheless,increasing nitrogen fertilization and phosphorus fertilization increased the amount of TN loss respectively by 7.76% and 3.83%,while increased the amount of TP loss respectively by 2.84% and 9.55%.TN and TP loss with surface runoff were a significant linear correlation,and TP loss was a better linear correlation（R2=0.913）.It should strengthen field management during flood periods and control TP to reduce the amount of the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus.It could be reduce the discharge of nitrogen and phosphorus from vegetable fields,to enhance vegetable yield and utilization ratio of nitrogen fertilizer by 25% and 23%,which organic and chemical fertilizer were matched with one to one.

关 键 词：地表径流 氮磷流失 肥料利用率 太湖流域 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]