控释复合肥田间养分释放特征及对土壤硝态氮和铵态氮累积的影响  

Nutrient Release Characteristics of Controlled Release Compound Fertilizer in Field and Its Effect on Nitrate and Ammonium Accumulation

作　　者：陈剑秋[1,2] 陈宏坤 张民[1] 孙德芳 陈海宁[1] 王丽萍 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学资源与环境学院,国家缓控释肥工程技术研究中心,作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]山东金正大生态工程股份有限公司,山东临沂276700

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2011年第4期110-114,120,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家“十二五”科技支撑计划(2011BAD11B01,2011BAD11B02);国家“十一五”科技支撑计划(2006BAD10B07)

摘　　要：通过水中溶出率法和田间玉米根下土埋法,研究聚合物包膜控释复合肥的养分释放特征及其对土壤中NO3--N和NH4+-N累积的影响。结果表明,浸提温度越低,控释复合肥的养分释放速率越慢,CRF1和CRF2在15℃的释放期分别是25℃的1.5,1.67倍,5℃的释放期皆为25℃的2倍;夏季CRF3田间养分释放速率稍慢于水中溶出速率,从第7天到第84天二者累积养分释放率平均变幅为3.12%;春季CRF4田间养分释放明显慢于水中溶出速率,最大变幅达31.8%;与CCF处理相比,施用控释复合肥能够显著提高玉米生长期耕层的NH4+-N含量和0-20 cm土层的NO3--N含量,显著减少20-40 cm土层的NO3--N的累积,且CRF3-H处理与CCF处理比较,在第14天和第84天时20-40 cm土层的NO3--N含量仍然表现为差异显著。因此,应根据不同地域的气候条件和作物需求,选用养分释放特征适宜的控释肥料,达到增效、节肥、安全、环保的目的。In this experiment,the nutrient release characteristics of polymer coated compound fertilizer were studied by water extraction and soil incubation methods.At the same time,the trials were conducted to investigate its effects on nitrate and ammonium accumulation in soil.The results showed that the release rate of controlled release fertilizer fluctuated with the decrease of the extraction temperature.The stated release longevity of CRF1 and CRF2 at 15 ℃ were respectively 1.5 times and 1.67 times than those at 25 ℃.The stated release longevity of CRF1 and CRF2 at 5 ℃ were both 2 times than those at 25 ℃.The release rate of CRF3 in field was slower than that of in water in summer.The margins of release rate were 3.12% on the average from 14th day to 84th days.In spring,the release rate of CRF4 in field was observably slower than that of in water.The maximum margin of release rate was 31.8%.Compared to the common compound fertilizer,the ammonium nitrogen content of topsoil and nitrate nitrogen content in the depth of 0-20 cm significantly increased at growing period with polymer coated fertilizer.The nitrate accumulation at 20-40 cm soil layers was significantly decreased.There was a significantly difference in nitrate nitrogen content at 20-40 cm soil layers between CRF3-H and CCF on the 14th and 84th day.Controlled release fertilizer should be chosen according to the different crop and environment conditions,thus serving the purpose of synergy,economization,safety and environment protection.

关 键 词：控释复合肥 养分释放率 温度 水分 硝态氮 铵态氮 

分 类 号：S143.15[农业科学—肥料学] S158.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]