半干旱雨养农业区集雨补灌对马铃薯田水分运移的影响  

Effects of Supplemental Irrigation Using Catchment Rainfall on Water Movement of Potato Field in Semi-arid Rainfed Areas

作　　者：秦舒浩[1] 张俊莲[1] 王蒂[1] 刘震[1] 申鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室/甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2011年第4期179-182,共4页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-10-P18);甘肃省自然科学基金(096RJZA009);农牧厅科技创新项目;甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室开放基金课题

摘　　要：采用大田试验方法,研究集雨补灌对旱作马铃薯田水分运移规律和产量的影响。结果表明,对马铃薯有效的土壤水分主要分布在80 cm以上土层,苗期补灌45 mm处理水分利用效率(WUE)最高,且收获后不同土层中滞留的水分较少;在此基础上再增加补灌量,马铃薯产量增加不显著,WUE显著降低。集雨补灌增加了马铃薯棵间蒸发量(E)和植株蒸腾量(T),90 mm高额补灌处理在前、中期棵间蒸发量较高,收获后80 cm以下深层贮水量显著高于45 mm及45 mm以下补灌处理。45 mm与90 mm补灌处理植株蒸腾量差异不显著,马铃薯生长后期,苗期补灌与薯块膨大期补灌植株蒸腾量差异亦不显著;苗期45 mm补灌处理蒸腾量与蒸发量比率(T/E)比较高,其综合用水效率较高。The effects of supplemental irrigation using catchment rainfall on water movement and production of rain-fed potato were studied by field experiments.The results showed that WUE of potato was higher in the supplemental irrigation treatment of 45 mm than other treatments at the seedling stage,and the storage of water in different soil depth was more least.With the increasing of irrigation amount,the production of potato was not increased significantly and WUE decreased significantly.The soil evaporation and transpiration among plants were increased by supplemental irrigation using catchment rainfall.The soil evaporation at prophase and metaphase state was higher in the supplemental irrigation treatment of 90 mm than 45 mm and under 45 mm treatment,at the same time,after harvest the water storage under 80 cm was higher significantly at the treatment of 90 mm.There was no difference of plant transpiration between 45 mm and 90 mm treatment,the same between the seedling and tuber expanding stage.WUE and IWUE were the highest under the 45 mm of irrigation at the seedling stage,because of the highest transpiration and evaporation rate.

关 键 词：旱作马铃薯 集雨补灌 蒸发量 蒸腾量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程] S152.7[农业科学—农业工程]