巢湖典型支流柘皋河水质污染时空变化特征  

Temporal and Spatial Variation of Water Pollution in Zhegao River of Chao Lake Basin

作　　者：储茵[1] 朱江[1] 夏守先 马友华[1] 汪丽婷[1] 李杨[1] 李修臣[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,合肥230036 [2]安徽省水环境监测中心,合肥230022

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2011年第4期243-248,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2008ZX07103-002);安徽省教育厅重点项目(KJ2010A111)

摘　　要：通过沿河实地调查和在河流出口断面的月取样监测,探讨巢湖典型支流柘皋河水质时空变化特征及污染来源。结果表明:柘皋河上游河段水质较好,属于Ⅱ～Ⅲ类水质,但也达到了富营养化水平,营养盐主要来自附近农田;中部柘皋镇段污染严重,水质属于Ⅴ类和劣Ⅴ类,达到重度富营养化水平,该河段及其下游河段的水生生态系统受到极大影响,污染主要来源为柘皋镇未处理生活污水的直接排放;中下游支流及下游河段水质属于Ⅲ～Ⅴ类,富营养化比较严重,水质既受上游影响,也与下游农业、生活和河道内污染来源有关。柘皋河河口处水质有明显的季节变化特征,硝态氮冬春季高于夏季,而总磷则相反,即夏季高于冬春季。磷是水体富营养化最重要的限制性元素,在夏季普遍达到了富营养化水平。柘皋河污染来源是混合型的,且有累积性特征,应采取综合手段对其污染进行防治,才能逐渐恢复柘皋河生态和环境功能,并减少污染物向巢湖的输送。Spatial and temporal variation of water pollution of Zhegao river,a tributary of Chao lake,was studied based on the one-day field survey and sampling along the river and the monthly sampling at the outlet of the river during a period of four years.The results demonstrated that water quality of the upper part of the river was at the level Ⅱ-Ⅲ,according to the surface water quality standard,but the nutrient concentration attained moderately eutrophic status with the main nutrient source from agricultural fields;the middle part of the river,which flows through the Zhegao town and receives un-treated municipal effluent,was very seriously polluted,with water quality varying between Ⅴ and inferior Ⅴ and being in hypereutrophic status.The water quality of the main river and its tributaries in the downstream part was at the level Ⅲ-Ⅴ and was at eutrophic status,with multiple pollution sources,such as upstream flow,domestic and agricultural input,inner river sources.Water quality at the outlet showed obvious seasonality： Nitrate level was higher in winter-spring period than in summer period,while total phosphorus（TP） was on the country with higher TP levels in summer,which was a big threat for the river and its receiving water： Chao lake.Multiple control and management measures should be taken to improve the water quality of Zhegao river.

关 键 词：河流污染 时空变化 富营养化 柘皋河 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]