麦茬长秧龄条件下氮肥对机插水稻氮素利用效率及产量影响的研究  

Effects of nitrogen fertilization on nitrogen use efficiency and yield of machine-transplanted long-age rice seedings

作　　者：胡剑锋[1] 张培培[1] 赵中操[1] 任万军[1] 杨文钰[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院,四川温江611130

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2011年第6期1318-1326,共9页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划"粮食丰产科技工程"项目(2011BAD16B05);四川省育种攻关项目(2006YZGG-28)资助

摘　　要：为弥补秧苗超龄对长秧龄机插稻生长产生的负效应,以杂交中稻品种冈优906为材料,设置施氮量和氮肥基、追配比两因素试验,研究了氮肥运筹对机插水稻产量及氮素利用率的影响。结果表明:长秧龄机插稻植株氮素积累动态符合Logistic曲线增长规律。随施氮量增加,植株氮素积累总量增加,稻谷生产效率、氮素收获指数、氮素农学效率和氮素生理利用率均减小,氮素当季利用率呈先增后减的趋势。同一施氮水平下提高穗肥比例,氮素运转效率、收获指数、农学效率、生理利用率和氮素当季利用率增加,稻谷生产效率降低。长秧龄机插稻产量随施氮量的增加而增加,施氮量对有效穗和每穗实粒数有显著影响,成穗率、每穗实粒数、充实率、充实度随后期施氮比例的增加而增加,施氮量为225 kg/hm2,基∶蘖∶穗肥比为4∶3∶3的氮肥运筹方式下长秧龄机插稻产量最高。Nitrogen management was used to remedy the negative impacts of the long-age seedlings on growth of rice after being transplanted by machine.The effects of nitrogen management on yield and nitrogen use efficiency（NUE） of machine-transplanted rice were studied with gangyou906 as test material,and with the amount of nitrogen application and the proportion of nitrogen as two factors.The results show that the nitrogen accumulation dynamics of the machine-transplanted rice is in a pattern of the Logistic curve,the total N accumulation amount of rice plants is increased with the increase of N application amount,while the nitrogen grain production efficiency（NGPE）,N harvest index（NHI）,N agronomic efficiency（NAE） and N physiological use efficiency（NPUE） are decreased,and the N use efficiency（NUE） is increased at first and then decreased.The NTE,NHI,NAE,NPUE and NUE are increased under higher panicle fertilization proportion at the same N application amount,while the NGPE is decreased.The yield of the machine-transplanted rice is increased with the increase of N application amount.The amount of N application has significant influence on the effective panicles and the filled grains of per panicle,and the rate of fertile tillers,seed-setting rate,percentage of filled grain and grain plumpness are increased with the postponing of N application proportion.The optimal N application amount for the machine-transplanted rice with long seedling age is 225 kg/ha with the basal N ∶tillering N ∶panicle N at 4 ∶3 ∶3.

关 键 词：水稻 机插秧 氮肥运筹 氮素利用效率 产量 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学] S511.06[农业科学—农业基础科学]