马铃薯玉米套作下控释肥对土壤养分垂直分布及养分利用率的影响  

Effects of controlled-release fertilizer on vertical distribution of soil nutrients and nutrient use efficiencies under potato and maize relay cropping system

作　　者：刘飞[1] 张民[1] 诸葛玉平[1] 李倩[1] 刘东雪[1] 王建[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家缓控释肥工程技术研究中心山东农业大学资源与环境学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2011年第6期1351-1358,共8页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划(2011BAD11B01;2011BAD11B02);国家"948"项目(2011-G30)资助

摘　　要：通过马铃薯玉米套作田间小区试验,研究了控释肥对土壤养分垂直分布及养分利用率的影响。结果表明,与普通肥料相比,两种控释氮肥提高了耕层土壤速效氮含量,显著降低了氮素淋失,使耕层以下土层的硝态氮含量平均减少28.60%,氮肥表观利用率平均提高了16.32%,也在一定程度上抑制了磷、钾的淋失,分别平均减少5.72%和7.03%,使磷、钾的利用率分别平均提高8.67%和10.01%。控释肥减量处理(80%常规量)与常规量控释肥处理相比,没有显著降低耕层土壤养分含量,并使耕层以下速效养分含量降低,养分利用率提高,其中硝态氮含量减少14.36%,氮肥表观利用率提高了10.22%,因此该处理为本试验中的最优处理。Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of controlled-release fertilizer on the vertical distribution of soil nutrients and nutrient use efficiencies under the potato and maize relay cropping system.The results indicate that the contents of the soil available N are increased and the leaching amounts of soil available N are significantly decreased under the application of the controlled-release fertilizers.The average content of soil NO3-N under the arable soil layers is decreased by 28.60%,while the apparent recovery efficiency of the applied N is increased by 16.32% in average.Furthermore,the P and K leaching amounts are inhibited to a certain degree,which are decreased by 5.72% and 7.03% respectively in average.As a result,the P and K efficiencies are increased by 8.67% and 10.01% correspondingly.Compared with the conventional treatment of the controlled-release fertilization,the nutrient contents in the arable soil are not significantly decreased under the reduction treatment（80% of the convention treatment）.On the contrary,the available nutrient contents in the arable soil are decreased,for example,the content of NO3-N is decreased by 14.36%,and the nutrient use efficiencies are significantly increased,such as the apparent recovery efficiency of applied N is increased by 10.22%.Therefore,the reduction treatment is the optimal treatment based on this experiment.So it was the optimal treatment based on this experiment.

关 键 词：控释肥 土壤养分 垂直分布 养分利用率 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学] S513