蒜棉、麦棉套作对土壤微生物数量及相关酶活性的影响  

Studies on soil microorganism quantities and soil enzyme activities in the garlic-cotton and wheat-cotton intercropping systems

作　　者：赵庆龙[1] 宋宪亮[1] 孙学振[1] 张美玲[1] 李宗泰[1] 

机构地区：[1]作物生物学国家重点实验室山东农业大学农学院,山东泰安27018

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2011年第6期1474-1480,共7页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划(2011BAD11B01;2011BAD11B02);国家"948"项目(2006-G60);山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目(2009;2010);山东省农业良种工程重大课题(2008;2009LZ03;2010LZ005);国家转基因重大专项(2009ZX08005-010B-2);作物生物学国家重点实验室开放课题资助

摘　　要：在大田生产条件下,以棉花单作为对照,设置蒜棉套作、麦棉套作处理,研究蒜棉套作与麦棉套作对棉田土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响,以揭示蒜棉、麦棉套作棉田棉花高产原因。结果显示:与单作棉田相比,蒜棉套作与麦棉套作均有利于棉田土壤中细菌、放线菌的增殖,并抑制真菌的增殖,其中蒜棉套作效果更显著;蒜棉套作0—20cm土层脲酶活性和蔗糖酶活性在整个生育期显著高于棉田单作,碱性磷酸酶活性除花铃期外也均显著高于单作,过氧化氢酶在苗期与吐絮期显著高于单作;麦棉套作0—20 cm土层脲酶活性和蔗糖酶活性亦在苗期、花铃期显著高于单作,碱性磷酸酶活性在蕾期显著高于单作,过氧化氢酶活性在苗期与吐絮期显著高于单作。结论:蒜棉套作与麦棉套作能提高棉田土壤微生物中细菌和放线菌的数量,有效抑制棉田连作障碍的发生。蒜棉套作与麦棉套作能提高棉田土壤相关酶活性,对棉田健康土壤的培育有积极意义。The soil microorganism quantities and enzyme activities were studied in fields under the wheat-cotton intercropping and garlic-cotton intercropping systems.The results show that compared with the cotton monoculture,both garlic-cotton and wheat-cotton intercropping are conductive to the proliferation of soil bacteria and actinomycetes and inhibit the proliferation of fungi,and the effects of the garlic-cotton intercropping system are more pronounced than those of the wheat-cotton intercropping system.The soil urease activity and sucrase activity in 0-20 cm soil layer in the whole growth period of the garlic-cotton intercropping system are significantly higher than those of the cotton monoculture,and the alkaline phosphatase activity of the garlic-cotton intercropping system is significantly higher than that of the cotton monoculture except the flowering and blooming stage of cotton.The catalase activities of the garlic-cotton intercropping system at the seedling stage and boll opening stage are significantly higher than that of the cotton monoculture.The soil urease activities and sucrase activities in 0-20 cm soil layer at the seedling,flowering and boll stages of the wheat-cotton intercropping system are higher than those of the cotton monoculture,the alkaline phosphatase activity at the bud stage is significantly higher than that of the cotton monoculture,and the catalase activity at the seedling and boll opening stages are significantly higher than those of the cotton monoculture.In conclusion,the garlic-cotton intercropping and wheat-cotton intercropping systems can increase the quantities of soil bacteria and actinomycetes which suppress the occurrence of cotton cropping obstacles effectively,and can increase the activities of soil-related enzymes which are good for creating healthy soil in cotton fields.

关 键 词：蒜棉套作 麦棉套作 土壤微生物 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]