行距及间作对箭筈豌豆与燕麦青干草产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Two Row Spaces and Intercropping on Forage and Crude Protein Yields of Oat (Avena sativa L.) and Common Vetch (Vicia sativa L.)

作　　者：陈恭[1] 郭丽梅[1] 任长忠[2] 郭来春[2] 赵国军[2] 胡跃高[1] 曾昭海[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,北京100193 [2]白城市农业科学院,吉林白城137000

出　　处：《作物学报》2011年第11期2066-2074,共9页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30871491);国家燕麦荞麦产业技术体系项目(CARS-08-B-1);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103001);国家"十二五"粮食丰产科技工程项目(2011BAD16B15)资助

摘　　要：在我国西北地区,普遍应用燕麦与箭筈豌豆间作生产饲草。为了研究不同间作模式的增产效果,2009—2010年在吉林省白城市采用两因子完全随机区组设计,研究了2种行距(A1:33cm;A2:16.5cm)和3种种植方式(B1:燕麦单作;B2:箭筈豌豆单作;B3:燕麦箭筈豌豆1∶1间作)对饲草产量、品质的影响。结果表明,行距减小播量增大时,作物单株重量减小,饲草总产量提高13%;行距减小播量不变,燕麦单株重量增大,饲草总产量提高29%;B3饲草产量比B1提高24%,比B2提高30%;B3粗蛋白产量比B1高1倍,比B2低20%;间作使燕麦的株高、单株重和粗蛋白质含量提高,使箭筈豌豆的株高增加,单株重、含氮量降低,节数减少,分枝减少。采用行距16.5cm、燕麦播量87.5kghm-2、箭筈豌豆播量75kghm-2的间作处理,全年两茬饲草产量为19.8thm-2,粗蛋白产量为2.43thm-2,可作为白城及气候相似地区饲草生产的基本模式。Intercropping of oat （Avena sativa L.） and common vetch （Vicia sativa L.） is a widely used forage production system in northwestern China. Due to different cropping managements, whether intercropped crops can yield higher than mono-cropped oat was not consistent in previous studies. This experiment was carried out at Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Science in Jilin province in 2009-2010. The quantity and quality of forage yield were justified with mono-cropped oat （B1） and common vetch （B2） as well as their intercropping （B3） under two different row spaces （A1： 33 cm and A2： 16.5 cm）. In 2009, seeding rate of each row was the same for A1 and A2, so the total seeding rate for A2 was doubled; in 2010, the total seeding rate was the same for A1 and A2. The results showed that dry matter yields under intercropping system increased by 24% and 30% compared with those under the mono-cropping of oat and common vetch, respectively. Crude protein yield in intercropped system was much higher （100%） than that in mono-cropped oat, but 20% less than that in mono-cropped vetch. A2 produced 13% and 29% more forage yield in 2009 and 2010 than A1. The effects of row spaces were less noticed in crude protein yield. With 16.5 cm of row spaces, oat seeding rate at 87.5 kg ha-1 and common vetch seeding rate at 75 kg ha-1, highest forage yield of 19.8 t ha-1 and crude protein yield of 2.43 t ha-1 were achieved with LER 1.55. Intercropping of oat and vetch could be a promising intercropping system in the studied area and the mentioned seeding rate and row space would be the best combination for forage production.

关 键 词：燕麦 箭筈豌豆 间作 行距 产量 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学]