种植密度对夏玉米穗位叶片解剖结构的影响  

Effects of Plant Density on Anatomical Structure of Ear Leaf in Summer Maize

作　　者：李春奇[1,2] 王庭梁[2] 程相文 曹偌遥[2] 李芸[2] 芦鹏[2] 李潮海[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院/农业部玉米区域技术创新中心,河南郑州450002 [2]河南农业大学生命科学学院,河南郑州450002 [3]河南省浚县农业科学研究所,河南浚县456284

出　　处：《作物学报》2011年第11期2099-2105,共7页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家玉米产业技术体系(nycytx-02)项目资助

摘　　要：为了研究种植密度对玉米穗位叶片解剖结构的影响,以生产上广泛种植的玉米杂交种郑单958和浚单20为材料,采用石蜡制片和超薄切片法对不同种植密度下2个玉米品种穗位叶片和叶绿体的结构进行了观察分析。结果表明,随着种植密度的增加,2个玉米品种的叶片厚度、叶脉横截面积和叶脉木质部面积减小,上、下表皮的气孔频度减少(郑单958显著,浚单20不显著),叶肉细胞叶绿体的基粒数量减少,维管束鞘细胞叶绿体的数量减少;种植密度在75000株hm-2时产量最高。相关性分析显示,叶脉木质部面积、气孔频度、叶肉细胞叶绿体的基粒数量、叶肉细胞叶绿体的基粒数量与种植密度呈显著负相关,与单穗籽干重、千粒重、穗粒数量呈显著正相关,因而成为玉米生产上的重要结构指标。A field experiment was conducted using maize hybrid Zhengdan 958 and Xundan 20 in 2006-2008, combined with paraffin method and ultramicrotomy to reveal relationship between plant density and ear leaf anatomic structure. The results showed that all the leaf thickness, vein area in cross section and xylem areain cross section, the stomata frequencies of upper and lower epidermis （for hybrid Zhengdan 958 the difference is significant, but for Xundan 20 is not）, the number of grana in the chloroplast of mesophyll and chloroplasts in the vascular bundle sheath were decreased with the increase of plant density; the yield was the highest at the plant density of 75 000 plants ha 1. The xylem area in cross section of leaf vein, stomata frequencies, number of grana in the chloroplast of mesophyll and chloroplasts in the vascular bundle sheath had remarkably negative correlation with plant density, but positive correlation with the kernel weight and grain number of single ear and 1000-kernel weight. The leaf structural parameters and agronomic indices will be important for application in maize production in the future.

关 键 词：种植密度 夏玉米 穗位叶 解剖结构 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]