近20年关中地区土地利用/覆盖变化动态与格局  

Analysis on Dynamic and Pattern of Land Use/Cover Change in Guanzhong Area

作　　者：郝慧梅[1] 郝永利 任志远[3] 

机构地区：[1]西安市国土资源信息中心,西安710065 [2]内蒙古包头市固阳房地产交易所,包头014200 [3]陕西师范大学西北国土资源研究中心,西安710062

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2011年第21期4525-4536,共12页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40771019)

摘　　要：【目的】掌握区域土地利用变化的实际状况,提高土地资源科学管理、高效持续利用能力。【方法】基于RS和GIS技术,采用空间转移矩阵、修正动态度及开发程度等模型分析关中地区1990—2007年土地利用变化动态。【结果】区域土地利用变化显著而复杂,耕、林、草之间的双向流转空间上并存,1990—2000年相对剧烈,2000—2007年较为有序稳定,整体向着改善生态的方向发展;17年建设占用耕地共18.33万hm2且以水浇地为主,空间上主要发生在关中盆地区、时间上主要在后一阶段。修正的单一和区域综合土地利用动态度可定量表达不同时间段土地利用变化差异、对比区域间土地利用类型变更速度差异;后者结合变化幅度还指示区域土地利用行为的有序程度。【结论】土地利用政策和经济利益是驱动区域土地资源的开发利用方式不断变化的动力。加强关中盆地区的耕地保护,稳定和推进渭北高原和秦岭-关山区的生态恢复和建设成果,是未来关中地区土地利用管理中的重要环节。【Objective】Understanding the process and pattern of regional land use and land cover change is essential for intensive and highly efficient,scientific and rational utilization of land resources.【Method】Based on technology of remote sensing（RS） and geographical information system（GIS）,various land-use change models such as Markov transfer matrix model,amendatory land use dynamic model as well asland use degree change model were applied to simulate and analyze the scenario of land use changes from 1990 to 2007 in Guanzhong Area.【Result】The results showed that the land use change in Guanzhong Area was obvious and complicated.And mutual inverse of land use transfer among arable land,forest land and grasslands was happened almost simultaneously in space,especially during the former period（1990-2000）.During the latter period,however,land use change was more orderly and stable.The amount of arable land changed into construction land from 1990 to 2007 was 183.3 thousand hm2,and most of them happened in Guangzhong basin area,and during the latter period.Index of amendatory land use dynamic can indicate intensity of land use changes,which also could be used to compare rates of land use changes in different districts and to imply the order degree of land use change in some area during certain period.【Conclusion】The land use policy and economic benefits are the main drivers of regional land use change.To strengthen protection of arable land in the central Shaanxi basin,and to stabilize and promote ecological restoration and construction in the North Wei plateau and Qinling-Guanshan mountains are key links of land utilization in the future.

关 键 词：关中地区 空间转移矩阵 修正土地利用动态度 土地利用开发程度 

分 类 号：F301[经济管理—产业经济] P208[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程]