不同耕作方式下覆草旱作稻田土壤肥力特征  

EFFECTS OF MULCHING AND TILLAGE ON SOIL FERTILITY OF UPLAND RICE FIELD

作　　者：王栋[1] 李辉信[1] 胡锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,南京210095

出　　处：《土壤学报》2011年第6期1203-1209,共7页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家863计划节水农业重大专项项目(2002AA2Z4331)资助

摘　　要：通过始建于2003年中国南方季节性干旱区(江西省余江县)的双季稻田定位试验,于2005～2007年研究了水稻覆草旱作和免耕覆草旱作对稻田土壤理化性质和生物学性质的影响。结果表明,覆草旱作、免耕覆草旱作的耕层土壤容重和总孔隙度与常规水作的差异不显著。与常规水作相比,免耕覆草旱作显著提高土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮和土壤基础呼吸;与常规水作相比,覆草旱作和免耕覆草旱作均显著提高土壤微生物生物量碳含量、脲酶和蔗糖酶活性。由此可知,覆草旱作和免耕覆草旱作可以作为该区积极推行的具有培肥地力作用的节水型稻作栽培模式。A field experiment was carried out during the period from 2005 to 2007 to investigate the effects of straw mulching and tillage on soil physical, chemical and biological properties of upland rice field that has been under the double-rice cropping system since 2003 in the seasonal arid region of South China （ Yujiang County, Jiangxi Province）. Resuits show that there was no significant difference between the treatments, i.e. conventional flooded rice cultivation （CF） , upland rice cultivation with straw mulching （SM） , and non-tillage upland rice cultivation with straw mulching （N- SM） in soil bulk density and total porosity in 0 - 15 cm depth soil layer. But Treatment N-SM significantly increased soil organic matter, total N, alkalystic N and soil basal respiration, and both Treatments SM and N-SM significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon content and the activities of urease and saceharase, as was compared with Treatment CF. Therefore, the findings suggest that upland rice cultivation with straw mulching and non-tillage upland rice cultivation with straw mulching may be cited as novel water-saving and fertility building rice cultivation models for extrapolation in this region.

关 键 词：水稻旱作 免耕 稻草覆盖 双季稻田 土壤肥力 

分 类 号：S318[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S157.42[农业科学—农艺学]