栽培方式对宁粳3号产量形成的影响  

Effects of cultivation methods on yield formation of Ningjing 3

作　　者：王端飞[1] 耿春苗[1] 李刚华[1] 黎泉[1] 徐晶晶[1] 王绍华[1] 丁艳锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学农业部南方作物生理生态重点开放实验室,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2011年第6期1-6,共6页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家粮食丰产科技工程项目(2006BAD02A03-2);国家星火计划项目(2010GA690010)

摘　　要：为探讨目前主要的栽培方式对超级稻宁粳3号产量形成的影响,于2009—2010年在江苏省丹阳市宝陵农场南京农业大学试验基地设置机插、撒播、条播、穴播、等距手栽、精量手栽和循环手栽7种栽培方式,比较各种栽培方式的产量及其构成因素、生育进程、水稻干物质积累及运转、穗型和株型特征的差异。结果表明:各处理产量表现由高到低依次为精量手栽、机插、等距手栽、撒播、循环手栽、穴播、条播。手栽高产的优势在于穗型较大,颖花数多;直播稻的劣势是每穗粒数少,颖花数较少;机插每穗粒数和颖花数介于手栽与直播之间。3种手栽方式相比较,循环手栽方式每穗粒数与颖花数明显不足,而等距手栽每穗粒数相对较少,精量手栽方式优势明显。直播方式营养生长期明显缩短,前期干物质积累过少,穗型较小,顶4叶叶片短小,产量较低。相对撒播,条播与穴播方式穗粒数较高,通过适宜的密度配置,增加穗数,有较大的增产潜力。与精量手栽相比,机插前期干物质积累较少,穗型小,提高前期干物质积累,主攻大穗,是实现高产的有效途径。To study the effects of popular cultivation methods on yield formation in japonica rice Ningjing 3.In 2009-2010,field experiment was conducted in Baoling farm,experiment area of Nanjing Agricultural University,Danyang City,Jiangsu Province.The grain yield and its components,growth process,dry matter,panicle and plant type were analyzed in different cultivations such as machine transplanting（MT）,broadcast seeding（BS）,drill seeding（DS）,hole-drop seeding（HS）,equidistance hand transplanting（ET）,precise hand transplanting（PT）and cycle hand transplanting（CT）.The results showed that the grain yield of PT was the highest,MT was 2nd,ET was 3rd,BS was 4th,CT was 5th,HS was 6th,and DS was the lowest among these treatments.The panicle type and spikelets of hand transplanting was the highest among different cultivations,MT was lower than hand transplanting,and direct seedling was worse,so the grain yield was different.PT was better in the three hand cultivations because spikelets per panicle and spikelets were more than others.The yield in direct seedling was lower because dry matter,panicle type and top 4 leaves were not bigger due to shorter vegetation growth.Spikelets per panicle of DS and HS were more than BS,so BS and HS would get higher yield through increasing population.Dry matter accumulation in vegetation growth and panicle type of MT were smaller than PT,and the grain yield would be improved by increasing dry matter and promoting bigger panicle.

关 键 词：水稻 栽培方式 干物质 产量 

分 类 号：S352.5[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S511.22[农业科学—农艺学]