黄河三角洲刁口河生态调水效果评估研究  

Study on evaluation of effect from eco-water supplement to Diaokouhe River in Yellow River Delta

作　　者：王新功[1] 王瑞玲[1] 刘波[2] 王丁[3] 黄文海[1] 单凯[4] 

机构地区：[1]黄河水资源保护科学研究所,河南郑州450004 [2]河海大学,江苏南京210098 [3]河南教育学院,河南郑州450003 [4]山东黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区管理局,山东东营257091

出　　处：《水利水电技术》2011年第11期17-21,共5页Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering

基　　金：水利部公益性行业科研专项经费项目(200901020);水利部水利前期项目"黄河调水调沙的河口生态效应"

摘　　要：刁口河是黄河1976年以前的入海故道,其河口三角洲是山东黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区的重要组成部分。为拯救日益退化的刁口河湿地生态,2010年,黄河水利委员会决定利用调水调沙对刁口河湿地进行生态补水。研究采用调水前后实时监测、遥感解译及地下水模型模拟等方法,对刁口河生态调水前后的植被、湿地、土壤含盐量、地下水等因子进行了跟踪评估分析。结果表明,刁口河生态调水效益显著,初步遏制了刁口河退化湿地区域地下咸水入侵的发展态势,一定程度上减轻了区域土壤盐渍化,受损的敏感生境和湿地植被结构得到修复,芦苇沼泽与芦苇草甸等水生鸟类的适宜生境初步形成,水生鸟类多样性显著增加。Diaokouhe River is one of the old courses of the Yellow River into the sea before 1976 and its estuarine delta is an important part of the Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve. To recover the increasingly degenerated ecology of the wetland in the estuarine delta of Diaokouhe River, the eco-water supplement to the wetland during the water and sediment regulation period was decided by the Yellow River Conservancy Commission in 2010. In this study, the follow-up assessments and analyses on the factors such as vegetation, wetland, soil salt content, ground water, etc. before and after the eco-water supplement are made with the methods including the real-time monitoring, remote sensing image interpretation and ground water model simulation concerned. The result shows that the eco-efficiency from the coo-water supplement to Diaohekou River is remarkable, which not only preliminarily impedes the developing trend of the invasion of salty groundwater into the degenerated wetland area of the river, but also alleviates the soil salinization within the region to a certain extent; i. e. the damaged sensitive habitat and the wetland vegetation structure are restored along with the preliminary formation of the reed marsh and reed meadow the suitable habitat for the aquatic birds and the obvious increase of the biodiversity of the aquatic birds therein.

关 键 词：黄河三角洲 刁口河 生态调水 生态修复 效果评估 

分 类 号：TV211.1[水利工程—水文学及水资源]