北京山区天然灌丛植被群落特征与演替规律  

Vegetation community features and succession law of natural shrubs in Beijing mountainous area

作　　者：余新晓[1] 张晓明[2] 王雄宾[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院泥沙研究所

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2008年第S2期107-111,共5页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金：国际科技合作项目(2006DFA01780);“十一五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD03A02);国家林业局科学技术研究重点项目(2006--69)

摘　　要：植被的自然演替序列和过程对人工辅助促进天然植被恢复具有重要的借鉴价值。该文在对北京密云山区不同封育年限天然灌丛进行样方调查的基础上,对其植被群落特征、结构组成、物种数、生物量、生物多样性的变化及演替趋势进行了分析。结果表明:随着封育年限的增加,灌丛植被的演变趋势为荆条+酸枣群丛—荆条+蚂蚱腿子群丛和荆条+三裂绣线菊群丛—三裂绣线菊群丛;灌丛中天然次生乔木树种山杨、椴树和蒙古栎幼苗、幼树的重要值增加较快;封育年限5～15年,灌木从12种增加到31种,乔木种类从0增加到8种;封育15年灌丛的生物量增加为封育5年的2.34倍;植物的多样性指数、物种均匀度指数和种间相遇机率都随着封育年限的增加而逐渐增加。预计随着封育时间的增加,天然三裂绣线菊灌丛会逐渐演替为山杨、桦树林或者椴阔混交林。The natural succession sequence and process of vegetation have great referrence value in restoring to the natural vegetation by artificial auxiliary.Based on quadrat zetetic natural shrubs of different sealed years in Miyun mountain areas of Beijing,vegetation community features,structure composition,the number of species,biomass,the change of biodiversity and successional trend were analyzed.The results indicate that with sealed years increasing,the evolution trend of shrub vegetation was from Vitex negundo var.heterophylla and Ziziphus jujuba var.spinosa association to Vitex negundo var.heterophylla and Myripnois dioic association and from Vitex negundo var.heterophylla and Spiraea trilobata association to Spiraea trilobata association.The importance value of Populus davidiana and Tilia and Quercus mongolica increased fast for natural secondary tree species in shrubs.When sealed years limit was 5--15 of years,shrub species was from 12 to 31,and anbor species from 0 to 8.Compared with the sealed culture of 5 years,the biomass in sealed culture of 15 years increased to 2.34 times.The diversity index of plants,evenness index of community and encounter probability of interspecies increased with the sealed years.It is estimated that with the increase of sealed years,the natural Spiraea trilobata shrub will become Populus davidiana and Betula forest or Tilia and broadleaved trees mixed forest.

关 键 词：天然灌丛 群落特征 演替规律 种群动态 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]