封育对人工针叶林林下植物多样性恢复的影响  

Influence of closing hillsides on vegetation diversity restoration in artificial coniferous forests

作　　者：鲁绍伟[1,2] 王雄宾[1] 余新晓[1] 鲁少波[1,3] 李金海[4] 武军[4] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室 [2]石家庄经济学院 [3]河北省林业厅退耕还林办公室 [4]北京市园林绿化国际合作项目管理办公室

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2008年第S2期121-126,共6页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金：国家林业局“重大林业生态工程生态效益分析评价技术与应用”(2006--69);“十一五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD03A11--4)

摘　　要：该文以河北省木兰林管局较强封育、较弱封育和非封育等3种封育强度的人工油松林和人工华北落叶松林林下植被为研究对象,对其物种丰富度、群落结构特征、物种多样性指数、群落相似度等4个方面进行了比较。结果表明:不同封育强度下人工针叶林林下草本植被差距较大,较强封育区油松林和落叶松林比非封育区的物种数分别多33种和21种,高度大2.49倍和3.28倍,盖度值大52.21%和54.87%;而木本植物的密度、盖度差距等不明显。各封育强度下植被反映物种多样性的Simpson指数值差异并不显著,部分Shannon-Wiener指数差异显著。随着封育强度的变弱,相同树种各标准地间的林下物种组成差异增大。油松林和落叶松林林下植物在较强封育下物种种类和群落结构相似程度不大,但在非封育的极强干扰胁迫下,两个不同的建群种林下植物种类和群落结构表现出较为接近的特征。外界的严重干扰影响人工针叶林林下植被,人为干扰一旦停止,针叶林林下植被的恢复较快。限制人、畜对林下植被的干扰,加强封育,可有效恢复和增加林下植被的物种多样性。这说明人工林群落加强封育、减小干扰直接影响着群落的生物多样性的高低及其生态效益。This research object was the undergrowth vegetation in artificial Pinus tabulaeformis forests and Larix principis-cupprechitii forests which were in 3 different degrees of closing hillsides:strong,middle and none.The vegetation diversity,community structure,species diversity,community similarity were investigated.The result showed that under degrees of closing hillsides,the undergrowth herbaceous vegetation in artificial coniferous forests had significant difference.In strong closing hillsides to Pinus tabulaeformis forests and Larix principis-cupprechitii forests,the species diversity was more than 33 species and 21 species to none closing hillsides forests,respectively.The height was 2.49 times and 3.28 times,the coverage was 52.21% and 54.87% more than in none closing hillsides forests.And the density and coverage of woody plants under different degrees of closing hillsides had no significant difference.Under different degrees of closing hillsides,the Simpson index value which shows vegetation diversity,had no significant difference,some of Shannon-Wiener index values had significant difference.When the degree became weak,the undergrowth vegetation in the same kinds of forests showed strong difference.Species types and community structure had little similarity under strong closing hillsides of Pinus tabulaeformis and Larix principis-cupprechitii forests,but under unclosing hillsides their characteristics were relatively close.Serious interference had impacted the plants under artificial coniferous forests,while once human disturbance disappeared,the plants under artificial coniferous forests resumed fast.Restricting the disturbance which people and animals have done on the undergrowth vegetation,and enhancing closing hillsides,can effectively recover the increase of the undergrowth vegetation's diversity.This shows that enhancing closing hillsides and decreasing disturbance has directly impacted the level of biological diversity and ecological benefits.

关 键 词：封育 人工针叶林 林下植被 生物多样性 群落相似度 

分 类 号：S718.54[农业科学—林学]