基于遥感技术的大庆地区草地退化轨迹研究  

Grassland degradation track based on remote sensing technology in Daqing,northestern China.

作　　者：那晓东[1,2,3] 臧淑英[2] 张树清[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 [2]哈尔滨师范大学地理系 [3]中国科学院研究生院

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2008年第S1期108-115,共8页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40771195);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX3-SW-356);黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(ZTF2005-32)

摘　　要：资源型城市大庆是随矿产资源的开发而兴起的城市。随着石油资源的开发以及人类对草原的掠夺式经营,引起了草地退化和草地生态系统结构失调。草地是维持大庆生态平衡的重要因素,草地退化严重影响了大庆地区的经济发展和生态环境。该文以大庆为研究区,利用地理信息系统技术,结合现代卫星遥感技术和GPS测量技术,基于大庆1988、1992、1996、2001年4个年度的Landsat TM影像来研究该地区的草地退化轨迹。选取草地植被覆盖度和可食牧草率两个指标来反映草地退化的程度。这两个指标的计算是由基于植被指数的遥感定量反演模型得到的。将上述两个因子赋予一定的权重,做出反映草地退化程度的草地退化综合分级图。并将校正的多时相影像输入GIS中,监测大庆地区13年来草地植被退化的规律及草地退化演化的轨迹。结果表明,研究区无退化草地面积和轻度退化草地面积减少,中度退化草地面积和重度退化草地面积增加。1988—2001年草地植被退化等级的变化显现出相邻级别的变化大于非相邻级别的变化,表明草地退化是一个渐变的过程。草地退化等级变化比较缓慢,跃变性不强,以慢速变化占绝对优势。草地变化既有恢复性的变化,又有退化性的变化,但总体趋势是退化性的变化为主导。而且大庆地区分别有1 461.4和342.32 km^2的草地直接被变为耕地和沙地盐碱地。大庆地区草地退化演化的轨迹表现出明显的由无退化草地过度到轻、中、重度退化草地直至非草地类型的退化过程。Daqing is a resource-based city rising with the development of mineral resources.With the exploitation of petroleum resource and exploitation management of grassland,the grassland is getting degraded.As an important factor that maintains the ecological balance,grassland degradation prevents the economic development and the improvement of ecological environment.Based on TM images in 1988,1992,1996,2001 of Daqing using GIS,RS,GPS technology,the track of grassland degradation in Daqing was analyzed.The degree of grassland degradation was reflected by two indicators,grassland fraction and proportion of edible pasture grass.The two indicators were calculated by qualifying remote sensing inversion model based on vegetation index.Certain weights were given to the above two indicators to draw the picture of grassland degradation degree.The calibrated multi-temporal images were input to the GIS to monitor the characteristics and the track of grassland degradation in Daqing in 13 years.The results show that undegraded grassland and lightly degraded grassland were decreasing,moderately degraded grassland and seriously degraded grassland were increasing.The change of adjacent grassland degradation degree exceeded that of non-adjacent grassland from 1988 to 2001,showing that grassland degradation was a gradual process in Daqing.The change of grassland degradation degree was slow,and the slow-velocity change was predominant.The grassland changes included retrieval and degraded changes,but generally the degraded change was dominant.There was 1 461.4 km grassland changing into cropland,and 342.32 km changing into saline-alkali land.The track of grassland degradation in Daqing shows the process is from undegraded grassland to lightly degraded grassland,moderately degraded grassland,seriously degraded grassland,and finally to the non-grassland types.

关 键 词：草地退化轨迹 遥感反演 资源型城市 草地盖度 可食牧草率 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]