水稻广谱广亲和系的选育策略  

A Strategy for Developing Wide Spectrum Compatibility Rice Line

作　　者：袁隆平[1] 武小金[1] 颜应成[1] 罗孝和[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南杂交水稻研究中心,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《杂交水稻》2000年第S2期9-12,共4页Hybrid Rice

摘　　要：选育广谱广亲和系对于利用水稻亚种间杂种优势具有极其重要的意义。根据现有的研究结果 ,初步假设水稻亚种间亲和性基本上可以分为四大类 :广谱广亲和性、部分广亲和性、弱亲和性和非亲和性。决定亚种间亲和性的基因可能有两类 :一类是广亲和基因Wc ,另一类是辅助亲和性基因Sc。这种辅助亲和性基因既有可能是几个主基因 ,也有可能是一系列微效多基因。广谱广亲和系可能同时完全具备Wc和Sc基因 ;部分广亲和系可能只具备Wc基因 ;弱亲和系可能只具备Sc基因 ;非亲和系则两者都不具备。选育广谱广亲和系的途径有两个 ,一是利用现有的广谱广亲和种质直接转育 ,二是利用部分广亲和系与弱亲和系杂交 ,组合广亲和基因与辅助亲和性基因。筛选广谱广亲和系可以分三步进行 :初选 ,即在低世代用两个具有代表性的品系进行测交鉴定 ;复选 ,即在中世代增加测交品系个数 ,进一步作亲和性鉴定 ;决选 ,即用更多的非亲和品系与当选株系测交 。Based on our studies, it is supposed that the compatibility between Indica and Japonica could be classified into four categories; i.e. wide spectrum compatibility, narrow spectrum compatibility, weak compatibility and non compatibility. WcWcScSc, WcWcscsc, wcwcScSc and wcwcscsc are the genotypes for them respectively. Wide compatibility genes (WC) and supplementary compatibility genes (Sc) are probably related to compatibility between Indica and Japonica. The Sc may be several major genes or a series of minor genes. There are two approaches for developing wide spectrum compatibility lines,i.e., transferring wide spectrum compatibility genes (WcWcScSc) existing in some Javanica (tropic Japonica) germplasms into the target Indica or Japonica lines and crossing narrow spectrum compatibility line (WcWcscsc) with weak compatibility line (wcwcScSC) to combine Wc and Sc genes. Three steps can be taken to screen wide spectrum compatibility line: 1.Preliminary screening—using two lines representative of weak compatibility and non compatibility lines to testcross the selected plants from a population segregating in Wc and Sc genes in lower generations; 2. Intermediate screening—using four to six lines of weak compatibility and non compatibility to testcross the selected lines from preliminary screening in the intermediate generations and 3. final screening—using more lines without wide compatibility to testcross the lines selected from intermediate screening to further confirm the wide spectrum compatibility and screen combination with high heterosis.

关 键 词：广亲和性 选育方法 杂种优势 水稻 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]