1989～1998年中国儿童麻风发病和临床分析  

Epidemiological and Clinical Analyses of Leprosy in Children in China

作　　者：余美文[1] 沈建平[1] 陈祥生[1] 朱成斌[1] 江澄[1] 李文忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院,中国协和医科大学皮肤病研究所,全国性病麻风病控制中心,南京210042

出　　处：《中华皮肤科杂志》2000年第S1期18-22,共5页Chinese Journal of Dermatology

摘　　要：目的 研究儿童麻风的发病和临床特点。方法 对 1989～ 1998年中国新发现儿童麻风患者的发病和临床特征进行分析，发病按性别、传染来源、发现方式分析，临床特点按皮损数目、神经损害、麻风反应、畸残、型别和查菌进行分类分析。 结果 1989～ 1998年中国新发现麻风病例 22 437例，其中儿童麻风病例 912例 (4.1％ )，男 560例，女 352例。发病到确诊的平均延迟期为 1.13年 (909例 )。传染来源以家内为主，有家庭内接触史者共计 631例 (69.2％ )。发现方式以主动发现为主。儿童麻风确诊时有皮损者 883例 (96.8％ )，有神经损害者 693例 (76.0％ )，有麻风反应者 43例 (4.7％ )，Ⅱ级畸残 113例 (12.4％ )，皮肤查菌阳性共 376例 (41.2％ )。云贵川儿童麻风 482例 (4.2％ )，鲁苏浙儿童麻风 23例 (1.3％ )。 1989～ 1998年贵州、四川儿童麻风的比例波动不大，云南儿童麻风比例 1998年突然上升至 11.6％。 结论 本研究结果提示，儿童麻风是体现麻风流行程度的敏感指标之一。儿童麻风传染主要来自活动性麻风患者的家庭内接触。Objective To study epidemiological and clinical patterns of leprosy in children in China. Methods The data of leprosy in children from 1989 to 1998 in China were analyzed in terms of gender, infection source, detection mode, skin lesion, nerve damage, leprosy reaction, clinical type and skin smear. Results A total of 22 437 leprosy cases were detected during 1989～ 1998, of which 912 (4.1％ ) were child cases (560 males and 352 females). Average delay in detection was 1.13 years (n=909). The main source of infection was close contact within families, accounting for 69.2％ , and majority of cases were detected through active modes. Among children with leprosy, 96.8％ were with skin lesions, 76.0％ with nerve damage, 4.7％ with leprosy reactions, 12.4％ with grade II disability and 41.2％ with positive skin smears. The average proportion of child cases was 4.2％ in Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan Provinces, and 1.3％ in Shandong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces. The proportion of child cases was stable in Guizhou and Sichuan Provinces during this period, whereas in 1998 it significantly increased to 11.6％ in Yunnan. Conclusion The present study suggests that proportion of children with leprosy is one of the sensitive indicators of leprosy endemicity. The sources of leprosy infection in children is predominately due to the contact with active cases within families.

关 键 词：麻风 延迟期 

分 类 号：R755.01[医药卫生—皮肤病学与性病学]