1989～1998年中国麻风新发患者的畸残状况  

Epidemiological Study on Disabilities of Leprosy in Newly Detected Patients in China, 1989－ 1998

作　　者：严良斌[1] 张国成[1] 李文忠[1] 江澄[1] 陈祥生[1] 余美文[1] 朱成斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院,中国协和医科大学皮肤病研究所,全国性病麻风病控制中心,南京210042

出　　处：《中华皮肤科杂志》2000年第S1期23-26,共4页Chinese Journal of Dermatology

摘　　要：目的 了解中国近 10年来麻风新发患者的畸残状况，为制定预防措施提供科学依据。方法 选择 1989～ 1998年全国各县、市的 22 437例麻风现症病例初诊登记个案资料，由全国性病麻风病控制中心疫情监测系统提供数据。结果 1989年全国麻风新发患者的畸残比为 46.49％，到 1998年为 32.31％；Ⅱ 级畸残比由 1989年的 25.55％，到 1998年的 20.23％；有 18个省 (市 )畸残比超过 40％。畸残者中，Ⅰ、Ⅱ 级畸残分别为 37.86％和 60.64％，另 1.5％为仅有脱眉、面瘫、塌鼻等其他畸残，Ⅱ 级畸残人数超过 50％的有 25个省 (市 )。年龄在 15岁以下的畸残比为 24％， 15～ 65岁者为 39.85％， 65岁以上者为 53.33％。麻风病期在 2年以内发生畸残比为 29.85％，超过 2年和 5年者为 48.82％和 61.17％。有过麻风反应发生畸残比为 52.9％；神经损害 3条以上者发生畸残比为 46.1％。少菌型患者的Ⅱ 级畸残比 (28.99％ )明显高于多菌型 (22.04％ )。结论 中国麻风新发患者的畸残比较高，近 10年虽有下降，但其程度无变化。因麻风诊断的延迟、麻风反应及麻风型别的不同，畸残比差异非常明显，与性别、年龄间差异无显著性。早期发现患者，规则进行抗麻风联合化疗。Objective To approach the status of leprosy disabilities in newly detected cases in recent 10 years in China and provide the scientific basis for formulating the preventive strategies. Methods Based upon the individual records from the National Leprosy Recording and Reporting System in National Center for STD and Leprosy Control, 22 437 leprosy cases detected during 1989－ 1998 in China were analyzed in terms of leprosy disability. Results The proportion of disabilities in newly detected leprosy cases in 1989 in whole country was 46.49％ and decreased to 32.31％ in 1998, and the proportions of cases with grade II disabilities were 25.55％ (1989) and 20.23％ (1998). There were 18 provinces where disability rate was more than 40％ . Out of patients with disabilities, those with grades I and II disabilities and with deformities (loss of eyebrow, facial paralysis or saddle nose) accounted for 37.86％ , 60.64％ and 1.5％ , respectively. There were 25 provinces where grade II disabilities accounted for more than 50％ of all patients with disabilities. The disability rates in patients aged under 15 years, 15－ 65 years and over 65 years were 24％ , 39.85％ and 53.33％ . The patients with a delay in detection of 2 years had a disability rate of 29.85％ , and those with a delay of more than 2 years and 5 years had the rates of 48.82％ and 61.17％ , respectively. The disability rate was 52.9％ in patients with leprosy reactions and 46.1％ in patients with a damage of more than 3 nerves. The grade II disability rate in paucibacillary patients(28.99％ ) was significantly higher than that in multibacillary ones (22.04％ ). Conclusion Disability rate of leprosy in newly detected cases is still high although it has decreased in the recent 10 years. The rate is associated with delay in detection, leprosy reaction and leprosy type. It suggests that early detection of leprosy patients, regular treatment with multidrug therapy, and management of leprosy reactions will be the effective measures to preven

关 键 词：麻风 畸残 

分 类 号：R755.01[医药卫生—皮肤病学与性病学]