除灭害虫,繁殖益虫——记中科院院士、昆虫生理学家钦俊德  

Entomologist terminates evil pests

作　　者：钦子文 

出　　处：《文化交流》2000年第3期11-14,共4页Cultural Dialogue

摘　　要：制服松毛虫,举世称奇功 松毛虫是十分凶猛的林业害虫,它能把漫山遍野的松树叶子吃光,使崇山峻岭好似经历了一场大火,郁郁葱葱的松林毁于一旦。 小小的赤眼蜂是天生的松毛虫天敌,可是自然界的赤眼蜂为数甚少,远远对付不了肆虐的松毛虫。The pine caterpillars used to be the biggest scourge in China' s pine forest. Their appetite was fierce. They devoured trees greedily. Swarms of the killer creatures could destroy a forest fast and clean, leaving the area as if burnt by a wild fire. Though not natural enemy to the cursed pests, man knows that one tiny insect could be lethal to the caterpillars. The savior is called oophagous trichogrammae, or red-eyed bees as known in China. However, the bees are greatly outnumbered in nature by the pine caterpillars. Artificial propagation in abundance seems the only way to wipe out the lethal enemy. The artificial propagation had been a difficult problem for a long time in the entomological field until Qin Junde came.In the 1970s, as the global climate began to be warming, the pine caterpillars multiplied so fast in China that pine forests died off in large areas, causing loss of timber by 5 million to 7 million cubic meters per year. The pine caterpillars reproduce viciously fast. One single female caterpillar can reproduce 900,000 in third generations. Except for the artificial propagation of the red-eyed bees, no other effective methods existed to bring the pests under control. China tried pesticide. But the outcome of a large-scaled spray of insecticide by airplanes proved to be unpredictably tragic. When a plague raged, an insecticide spray was used to curb the plague. But the spray caused a toxic pollution, which in turn led to a heavy casualty of animals in the lower reach areas. This serious incident put stop to killing the pine caterpillars with insecticides.Then the only way out was the red-eyed bees to be mass-propagatedd in an artificial way and Qin Junde, a Chinese entomologist born in Jiaxing of Zhejiang Province in 1916,succeeded in making this important break through.The tiny bee has a very small egg-producing needle. The red-eye bee pierces an egg of the caterpillar, and uses it as a nest for its own eggs. But the red-eyed bees are so tiny that they can hardly be seen clearly by a human eye. Mo

关 键 词：昆虫生理学 中科院院士 蝗虫 益虫 松毛虫 林业害虫 赤眼蜂 飞蝗 东吴大学 人工卵 

分 类 号：K826.15[历史地理—历史学]