猴头部冲击下颅内压的变化和头冲击伤的防护  

CHANGES OF INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE DURING HEAD IMPACT IN MONKEYS AND PROTECTION OF HEAD IMPACT INJURIES

作　　者：吴桂荣[1] 张云然[1] 王玉清[1] 由广兴[1] 

机构地区：[1]航天医学工程研究所第五研究室

出　　处：《航空学报》1999年第S1期55-57,共3页Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica

摘　　要：为了探讨应急弹射时高速气流吹袭造成头部冲击伤的机制和防护措施，使用动态加载机，对２４只猴的头部进行了冲击，观察了头部损伤程度与颅内压的变化关系。实验结果表明，随头部损伤程度的加重，颅内压也随着增高；损伤程度的不同，颅内压的动态响应曲线也呈现出不同的特点；颅内压增高值达到６．６３ｋＰａ猴出现了脑震荡的症状；颅内压的增高值达到或超过１０．０２ｋＰａ猴发生了脑器质性损伤。在应急弹射时适当地固定头部或防止颅骨变形可较好地预防和减轻头部冲击伤。另外，还应在减少头部气动力和提高座椅的稳定性上着重考虑。In studying head impact injuries during emergency ejection, to examine the mechanism and protection of brain injuries, 24 monkeys underwent head impact of various intensities (1.9￣3.0kN ) by means of a dynamic loader. The relationship between degree of head injury and intracranial pressure was analyzed. The results indicated that intracranial pressure increased with serious degrees of head injuries. It was also observed that dynamic response curves of intracranial pressure were different in different degrees of head injuries.6.63kPa increment of intracranial pressure caused concussion of brain in monkeys. Increment of intracranial pressure threatening monkey's life was 10.02kPa and above. Head impact injuries could be prevented by fixing the head or avoiding the out of shape of skull in emergency ejection. The experimental results could provide reference material for the diagnosis and treatment and protention of head impact injury.

关 键 词：头 冲击载荷 气流吹袭 猴 颅内压 颅脑损伤 

分 类 号：R852.21[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]