台湾岛地形对台风暴雨影响的数值研究  

A Numerical Study on the Effects of Orography of Taiwan Island on Typhoon Induced Heavy Rainfall

作　　者：王鹏云[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象科学研究院

出　　处：《气候与环境研究》1998年第3期44-55,共12页Climatic and Environmental Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：用水平分辨率为１０ｋｍ的非静力平衡中尺度模式ＭＭ５模拟研究了从１９９６年７月３１日０８时至８月１日２０时９６０８号台风在台湾和福建省登陆前后过程，重点研究台湾岛地形对这次台风在台湾形成的特大暴雨的影响，同时也是对ＭＭ５模拟预报台风登陆效果的一个实例检验。结果表明，该模式比较成功地模拟预报了这次台风登陆过程，模拟预报的台风路径与实况接近，预报的８月１日０８时（积分２４小时）台风中心位于２小时后台风登陆点福建省福清市附近的海面上，位置与实况完全一致。台风登陆前后其中心附近的一些重要中尺度结构和演变，如台风中心周围动力结构的不对称特征、由中尺度雨团构成的螺旋形雨带等均被成功地模拟出来。台风在经过台湾及其后在福建登陆期间，台湾地形影响使得台风路径北偏约３０ｋｍ，但对台风强度变化未发生明显影响。台湾山区两侧地形对台风中心东南方气旋式环流的辐合抬升使台湾暴雨增幅６倍多。The landfall process of typhoon HERB-1996 at Taiwan and Fujian from 08:00 31 July to 20:00 1 August 1996 (Beijing Local Time) was simulated by using the non-hydrostatic mesoscale model MM5 with 10 km horizontal space resolution The study was focused on the effects of terrain of Taiwan Island on the typhoon induced heavy rainfall on Taiwan It is also a test of the ability of MM5 to simulate and forecast a landfall typhoon Results show that the landfall process of typhoon HERB was successfully simulated The simulated typhoon track was very close to the observation, especially the simulated location of the typhoon at 08:00 1 August 1996 (model integration 24 hours) was exactly same as observation, from where the typhoon was landed at Fuqin, Fujian province two hours later Some important dynamic and microphysical features, such as unsymmetrical dynamic structure and screwtyped rainband consisting of meso-beta-scale rain cores around typhoon center, were also revealed by the simulations During the period of typhoon passing through Taiwan and later landfalling at Fujian, the track of model typhoon deviated about 30 km northward (i e , right-ward) because of the effects of the orography of the Taiwan Island, but the strength of the typhoon was not affected significantly The amount of rainfall maximum on Taiwan in the 36 hours simulations was enhanced more than six times induced by the orographic lifting of Taiwan Mountains

关 键 词：非静力平衡中尺度模式 台风 暴雨 地形影响 

分 类 号：P461.3[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]