喀喇昆仑山巴托拉冰川的新近变化  

Recent Variations of the Batura Glacier in the Karakorum Mountains

作　　者：张祥松[1] 陈建明[1] 王文颖[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院兰州冰川冻土研究所,730000 [2]西安地质学院,710054

出　　处：《冰川冻土》1996年第S1期33-45,共13页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金会资助

摘　　要：根据重复地形测量、文献记述以及访问当地群众,比较确切地重建了巴托拉冰川最近100多年来的历史变化。从上世纪下半叶至本世纪30年代,很多文献记录表明巴托拉冰川在前进。30年代以后冰川开始衰退,从1944～1954年该冰川退缩了300m(平均30m/a)。1954～1966年左右,末端大冰崖退缩了527m(44m/a)。1974年我们发现巴托拉冰川末端中部大冰崖在1966～1974年前进了90m(11 m/a),1975,1978和1980年再次测量,发现该大冰崖又分别前进了9.6,26.8和10m。1984年根据冰面地貌标志和粗略测量,Shroder et al.(1984)认为巴托拉冰川已衰退,与1974年大冰崖位置比较已退缩了100～250m。从1984～1994年冰崖继续呈现衰退和变薄。我们还发现:巴托拉冰川波动的一般趋势与喀喇昆仑山不同地段的其它冰川似乎呈现一定的相似性。According to the repeated topographical surveys, field investigations, documents, and the recollection of the information from the nearby inhabitants, we reconstructed the historical changes of the Batura Glacier during last more than 100 years more accurately. From the second half of the last century to the 1930's the documentary records indicate that the Batura Glacier had advanced. From the 1930's on, the glacier began to decline. From 1944 to 1954 it receded 300 m (averaged at 30 m/ a). From 1954 to 1966 or so, the ice cliff receded 527 m (44 m/ a). In 1974, we discovered that the central large ice cliff at the terminus of the Batura Glacier obviously had advanced again, and the advanced distance accounts for about 90 m (11 m/ a) from 1966 to 1974. We measured again in 1975, 1978 and 1980, and found that the large ice cliff had advanced 9.6 m, 26.8 m and 10 m respectively again. In 1984, according to the markings of superglacial geomorphology and the rough survey, J.S. Shroder et al. considered that the Batura Glacier had declined and the position of large ice cliff had retreated at a distace of 100-250 m as compared with that in 1974. From 1984 to 1994, the glacier continuously declined and thinned.We also discovered that the general tendency of fluctuations of the Batura Glacier seemed to share some similarities of the fluctuations of the others in the different sections of Karakorum Mountains.

关 键 词：喀喇昆仑山 巴托拉冰川 新近变化 

分 类 号：P343.6[天文地球—水文科学]