温度对土壤水分性状的影响研究  

A Study of the Temperature Effect on Soil Water Properties

作　　者：张富仓[1] 张一平[1] 王国栋[1] 张君常[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农业大学干旱半干旱开放实验室,陕西杨陵712100

出　　处：《应用基础与工程科学学报》1996年第2期144-151,共8页Journal of Basic Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金;霍英东基金

摘　　要：温度对土壤的持水曲线产生明显的影响,在一定含水量条件下,随温度升高,土壤水基质势增加,而在同一基质势下土壤持水量随温度升高而降低,土壤水基质势温度系数(cm/℃)随土壤质地加重而增大,随含水量的增加而降低,并且与土壤水分变化特征(脱水或吸水)有关,脱水过程基质势温度系数大于吸水过程,低温段(5℃～20℃)大于高温段(20℃～50℃);土壤渗透系数随温度升高明显增大,且随质地加重,其温度效应增强;温度明显地影响土壤水的蒸发性能,随温度升高,土壤蒸发强度增大,蒸发第一阶段时间缩短,土壤前期蒸发增大,后期减弱,温度升高,土壤水分再分布速率增加,土体持水量减小。The experimental reaearch has shown that there is a significant temperature effect on soil water retention curves, the matric potential increases with temperature at fixed water cotent, soil retention water content decreases with temperature at fixed soil matric potential. The temperature coefficient of the matric potential increases with increase of soil texture and decreases with increase of soil water content, it is related with characteristic of soil water state (wetting and drying process), there is a larger temperature coefficient of the matric potential in the drying process than wetting, in the low temperature range (5℃-20℃), the temperature coefficient of the matric potential is greater than the high temperature range; The soil permeability coefficient increases with temperature and the temperature effect in creases with increases of soil texture; There is a significant temperature effect on soil water evaporation, the evaporation rate of soil water increases and the time of first stage of evaporation decrease with the temperature, therefore the evaporation of previous stage increases and the latter stage decreases : The redistribution rate of soil water increases, the water retention content of soil body decreases and driainage water content increases with temperature.

关 键 词：基质势温度系数 渗透系数 土壤蒸发 土壤水分再分布 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]