野梅和栽培梅染色体数目及形态的研究  

Studies on the Number and Morphology of Chromosomes of Wild Mei and Cultivated Mei

作　　者：黄燕文[1] 包满珠[1] 沈清宇[1] 钟林爱 左卫东[1] 王芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学,武汉430070

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》1995年第S1期37-41,179-180,共7页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

摘　　要：该文对野梅、果梅和花梅染色体的数目及形态进行了研究,共试材料110个,体细胞染色体数目均为2n=2x=16.对具代表性的种类进行染色体组型分析:洱源野梅、小(果)梅、果梅一号、‘日寒红’及‘小宫粉’均为对称或原始的1A核型;‘老人美大红’、‘送春’为较对称或较原始的2A核型;‘残雪’、‘美人’梅为较不对称或较进化的1B核型;‘长蕊变绿萼’、‘三轮玉蝶’、‘水朱砂’及‘黄山黄香’均为不对称或进化的2B核型.结果表明:梅是由野梅→果梅→花梅的演化趋势,在花梅中是以真梅系→杏梅系→樱李梅系的顺序先后出现的,这与前人研究推断的相一致.但是在真梅系中归纳的品种类型繁多,变化也较大,出现了相当不对称的或进化类型.The number and morphology of the chromosomes of wild Mei,fruiting Mei and flowering Mei were studied.110 samples were collected,and it was found that the number of the chromosome of all samples in the cells appeared to be 2n=2x=16.Analysis of the group types of the chromosome of representative Mei cultivars showed that there were four kinds of development nucleus types,from symmetrical or original 1A type in P.mume Sieb.et Zucc.,P.mume var.microcarpa,fruiting Mei No.1,P.mume cv.Ri Hanhong and P. mume cv.Xiao Gongfen,P.mume cv.Laorenmei Dahong and P.mume cv.Song Chu,less unsymmetrical or evoluted 1B type in P.mume cv.Can Xue and P.mume cv.Meiren Mei, and to unsymmetrical or evoluted 2B type in P.mume cv.Changruibian Lü'e,P.mume cv Sanlun Yudie,P.mume cv.Shui Zhusha,and P.mume cv.Huangshan Huangxiang,These indicated that the evolution process could be conducted as the following pattern:wild Mei→ fruiting Mei→flowering Mei.In flowering Mei,it might be emerged or evoluted in this or- der:Eummume series→Apricot Mei series→Blireiana series.However,in Eummume series there were a lot of different Mei cultivars,which showed varied nucleus types of the chromo- some form asymmetrical type to unasymmetrical type.

关 键 词：野梅 果梅 花梅 染色体数目 核型 

分 类 号：Q943[生物学—植物学]