小麦-夏玉米两熟制土壤-作物系统的氮素平衡  

Nitrogen Balance of Soil-Crops System in Wheat-Corn Double Cropping

作　　者：张文英[1] 张庆江[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所,石家庄050031

出　　处：《华北农学报》1994年第S1期109-114,共6页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

摘　　要：在河北省无极县壤土地上连续五年的不同施氮量定位试验研究的结果表明,在小麦玉米一体化生产中,土壤作物系统中作物对氮素的吸收和积累,土壤对氮素的积累以及氮素损失与施肥之间有密切关系。低水平施氮虽然氮的利用率高,但作物产量低,土壤养分被掠夺吸收;高水平施氮会造成作物对氮素的奢侈吸收而导致减产,土壤氮积累增加,淋溶损失增加,氮素利用率降低。按常年最高产量施氮量施入氮素,既能保持作物的持续高产,又不会造成作物对氮素养分的奢侈吸收和作物对土壤氮素养分的掠夺吸收,而且不会引起氮素在土壤中的大量积累或损失。五年试验结果显示,氮肥(包括有机氮)总利用率达76％,尿素氮总利用率达72％,土壤积累率小于5％,氮损失率小于23％。The relations between application of N-fertilizer and N-absorption in crops, and N-accumulation in soil and N-loss under soil-crops system in wheat-corn double cropping were studied by location trials of N-fertilizer for five years at the loam in Wuji county. Hebei province. The results showed that: (i) at the low level of N-fertilizer application, utilization ratio of N-fertilizer was higher, but the grain yield was lower and soil-N was plundered by crops; (ii) at the high level of N-fertilizer application, the grain yield decreased due to nitrogen of excessive absorption in crops, accumulation and leaching loss increase in soil. So utilization ratio of N-fertilizer decreased; (iii)at the rate of N-fertilizer applied which obtained the maximum grain yield, the excessive absorption of crops to N wasn't appeared and soil-N wast't plundered by crops. N-accumulation in soil and N-loss were less. Utilized coefficients of N-fertilizer (including organic-N) and urea-N were 76% and 72% respctively. The percentages of N-accumulation in soil and N-loss were less than 5% and 23% respeectively.

关 键 词：小麦 玉米 两熟制 土壤 作物系统 氮素平衡 

分 类 号：S154.4[农业科学—土壤学]